Annual Meeting

2025

2025 SAWC & WHS Annual Meeting

Dates

April 30 – May 3, 2025

Location

Gaylord Texan Hotel, Grapevine, TX

Conference Program

WHS WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION

8:00 AM - 8:15 AM

Sundeep Keswani, MD; WHS President Rivka Stone, MD, PhD; Subhadip Ghatak, PhD; WHS Meeting Co-Chairs

WHS SESSION A: THOMAS K. HUNT HONORARY LECTURE

8:15 AM - 9:15AM

Fiona Watt, PhD

Details

The Thomas K. Hunt Endowed Lecture, established in 2013, honors the legacy of Dr. Thomas K. Hunt, a pioneering leader in wound healing research and a founding member of the Wound Healing Society. This annual lecture aims to inspire and educate wound healing researchers by highlighting innovations in related fields. Each year, the Wound Healing Foundation selects an honorary speaker, not limited to those directly involved in wound healing research but inclusive of investigators who demonstrate the ability to bridge scientific gaps and apply fundamental physiological principles to understand healing processes across multiple organ systems. This year, the Thomas K. Hunt Lecturer will be a distinguished stem cell biologist Dr. Fiona Watt. Dr.Watt, obtained her DPhil from the University of Oxford and completed her postdoctoral research at M.I.T., Cambridge, USA. She established her first laboratory at the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology in London before moving to the London Research Institute. From 2006 to 2012, she served as Deputy Director of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute and the Welcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research at the University of Cambridge. In September 2012, she joined King’s College London as the Director of the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. In 2021, the Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) merged with the Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy to form the Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Watt’s research focuses on cell fate decisions and the skin microenvironment, with current projects exploring self-renewal and lineage selection by human and mouse epidermal stem cells, the role of stem cells in tumor formation in the epidermis and oral tissues, and the assembly and function of the epidermal cornified envelope. In 2022, Dr. Watt became the Director of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg, Germany, where she continues to lead a research group focused on these critical areas of study.
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9:15 AM - 9:30 AM

WHS SESSION B: DYNAMIC DUELS BETWEEN HOST AND MICROBES

9:30 AM - 10:30 AM

Victor Nizet, PhD; Elizabeth Grice, PhD

Details

This session will explore the intricate and evolving interactions between the human host and microbial pathogens, emphasizing the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive this interaction. Two leading experts will dissect the dynamic relationship between the immune system and pathogens, highlighting how this interaction influences health, disease progression, and recovery, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for infectious diseases and chronic wounds.
WHS SESSION C: WOUND IMMUNOLOGY

10:30 AM - 11:30 AM

Esther Middelkoop, PhD; Daniel Kaplan, PhD

Details

This session will focus on the immune system’s role in tissue repair, providing a deep dive into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive these processes. One speaker will talk about the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells during wound healing, discussing how these cells coordinate tissue repair and how aberrant immune responses contribute to chronic wound pathology. He will also provide insights into emerging therapeutic targets to restore immune balance and enhance healing outcomes. The other speaker will discuss how innovative biomaterials are being developed to influence immune responses and improve wound healing. Her talk will focus on how these materials can modulate immune activity, offering new therapeutic avenues to support effective tissue repair and prevent complications in chronic wound
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11:30 AM - 11:45 AM

WHS SESSION D: MAPPING THE HEALING LANDSCAPE/ SPATIAL BIOLOGY OF THE WOUND

11:45 AM - 12:45 PM

Mervin C. Yoder, PhD; Geoffrey C. Gurtner, MD

Details

This session will discuss the molecular landscape of the injury site at unprecedented resolution by using spatial omics to pinpoint the active genes and how proteins interact in the intricate wound microenvironment. A key focus will be on the diversity and heterogeneity of different residents as well as blood-borne cell types. We will have two top speakers in regenerative medicine talking about the most recent progressions and practical uses in the field and exploring how spatial omics could revolutionize wound care and regenerative medicine potentials. These insights will drive personalized medicine breakthroughs, uncover fresh biomarkers, and guide targeted therapeutic strategies.
WOUNDSHARK INNOVATION COMPETITION LUNCH

12:45 PM - 2:00 PM

Sara Lee; Thomas Nichols; Mark Sacaris; Mary Anne Obst

Details

The Wound Healing Society is pleased to offer the Wound Shark Innovation Competition held during the 2025 WHS Annual meeting. The competition showcases science and new product innovation. Submit your proposal details for groundbreaking science and new product innovations to be considered for presentation onsite at the meeting. The competition focuses on the latest innovations in advanced wound care. The judging criteria for the competition includes: novelty of the innovation, development stage, clinical unmet need, market potential, pricing and reimbursement strategy, competitive advantage and competition, and the ability to attract an angel or VC investment.
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2:00 PM - 2:15 PM

WHS SESSION E: WHEN HEALING HALTS, CAN WE JUMPSTART REGENERATION

2:15 PM - 3:15 PM

Marjana Tomic-Canic, PhD; Kenneth W. Liechty, MD

Details

This session will explore innovative strategies to enable tissue regeneration and improve outcomes in chronic wounds. Expert speakers will discuss cutting-edge research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that can be harnessed to “jumpstart” regenerative processes in damaged tissues.
WHS SESSION F: REGENERATIVE RESONANCE: THE BIOPHYSICS OF TISSUE RENEWAL

3:15 PM - 4:15 PM

Min Zhao, MD, PhD; Amay Bandodkar, PhD

Details

This session will explore how biophysical principles govern tissue repair and renewal. Two renowned experts will present their research on how mechanical, electrical, and molecular signals converge to promote healing and regeneration. They will focus on the interplay between cellular dynamics and tissue architecture, providing insights into the complex systems that guide tissue renewal in both natural and engineered environments.
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4:15 PM - 4:30 PM

WHS SESSION F: REGENERATIVE RESONANCE: THE BIOPHYSICS OF TISSUE RENEWAL

4:30 PM - 5:30 PM

Sashwati Roy, PhD; Ivan Jozic, PhD

Details

This session will explore the role of metabolomics in uncovering the biochemical landscapes that shape wound healing. Two eminent speakers will discuss how metabolic profiling can reveal biomarkers, identify potential therapeutic targets, and offer insights into personalized approaches for wound management. Discussions will include cutting-edge research and the translational potential of metabolomics in clinical wound care.
SOCIAL EVENT FOR WHS MEMBERS
Registered WHS members are invited to attend.
Supported By, Urgo Medical

6:30 PM-8:30 PM

WHS COMMITTEE MEETINGS

7:00 AM - 9:00 AM

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9:00 AM - 9:15 AM

SAWC SPRING OPENING CEREMONY AND KEYNOTE ADDRESS:

9:15 AM - 10:30 AM

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10:30 AM - 10:45 AM

WHS SESSION H: INTERNATIONAL SESSION (WHS-EWMA-ETRS)

10:45 AM - 11:45 AM

Heather Powell, PhD; Bouke Boekema, PhD; Alexandra Marques, PhD

Details

The Wound Healing Society (WHS), the European Tissue Repair Society (ETRS) and the European Wound Management Association (EWMA) share the common goal of improving wound healing outcomes through research and global dissemination of information. In this collaborative international session, one speaker from each organization will present the latest findings about emerging technologies for reducing scar formation. In addition, this session will stimulate discussion and shape the dialogue focused on this important clinical problem aiming to foster collaborations to advance global research in this critical field.
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11:45 AM - 12:00 PM

WHS COMMITTEE MEETINGS

12:00 PM - 1:30 PM

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1:30 PM - 1:45 PM

WHS SESSION I: YOUNG INVESTIGATORS SYMPOSIUM

1:45 PM - 4:00 PM

Sundeep Keswani, MD; Piul Rabbani, PhD; Bouke Boekema, PhD

Details

In this session, young investigators involved in cutting-edge research will compete for the WHS Young Investigator Award. The winner will present his/her work at the ETRS meeting. Oral presentations will feature the top eight abstracts submitted to the WHS by young investigators and the ETRS Young Investigator Award winner.
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4:00 PM - 4:15 PM

WHS SESSION J: Battling Stress and Strain in Wound Healing: Creative Approaches to Disparate Challenges

4:15 PM - 5:15 PM

Laura Swoboda, DNP, APNP, FNP-C, FNP-BC, CWOCNAP, WOCNF; Carlos Zgheib, PhD, MS; Kellen Chen, PhD

Details

Wound healing is a complex biological process influenced by mechanical stress, inflammation, and microenvironmental strain. This session, Battling Stress and Strain in Wound Healing: Creative Approaches to Disparate Challenges, will explore innovative strategies to overcome these barriers. We will have three emerging swound experts discussing how mechanical forces shape healing outcomes, novel biomaterials that mitigate stress-induced damage, and emerging therapeutic approaches that enhance tissue resilience. Attendees will gain insights into the interplay between biomechanics, cellular responses, and translational solutions for improving wound repair.
GRAND OPENING OF EXHIBITS/COCKTAIL RECEPTION

5:15 PM - 7:45 PM

WHS Committee Meetings

7:00 AM - 9:00 AM

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9:00 AM - 9:15 AM

WHS Day 4 GENERAL SESSION: THE MISSING - OMICS OF WOUND HEALING

9:15 AM - 10:15 AM

Chandan K. Sen, PhD; David Armstrong, MD

Details

While genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have long been the foundational pillars of wound healing science, this session will delve into the emerging and less explored “-omics” that reshape the understanding of tissue repair. This includes spatial omics and the molecular influence of stress, ethnicity, and other confounding variables. By examining how these underexplored factors impact the biological processes involved in wound repair, the session aims to uncover the sources of disparities in healing outcomes across different populations. The discussion will highlight how stress, sociocultural factors, and unique biological signatures can contribute to personalized wound care strategies. This session seeks to advance a more holistic and inclusive approach to wound healing that accounts for the broader context of each patient, paving the way for more effective and equitable therapeutic interventions.
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10:15 AM - 10:30 AM

WHS SESSION K: CONCURRENT ORAL ABSTRACTS I (non-accredited)

10:30 AM - 11:30 AM

Details

Oral abstract presentations will feature the highest scoring abstracts submitted to the WHS.
TRAINEE AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE (K1)

Molly Ogle, PhD; Maria-Teresa Piccoli, PhD

TRAILBLAZERS IN WOUND HEALING RESEARCH (K2)

Teresa Jones, MD; Bouke Boekema, MD

MOLECULAR INSIGHTS AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN ACUTE WOUND HEALING (K3)

Daria Narmoneva, PhD; George Theocharidis, PhD

MOLECULAR PATHWAYS, BARRIERS, AND BREAKTHROUGH SOLUTIONS IN CHRONIC WOUNDS (K4)

Piul Rabbani, PhD; Harvey Himel, MD

LUNCH WITH EXHIBITORS

11:30 AM - 2:00 PM

WHS MEET THE MENTORS (NAVIGATING CAREER CROSSROADS) (non-accredited)

12:15 PM - 1:45 PM

Kanhaiya Singh, PhD; Jaideep Banerjee, PhD

WHS MEET THE EDITORS (WHAT IT TAKES TO PUBLISH) (non-accredited)

12:15 PM - 1:45 PM

Molly Ogle, PhD; Maria-Teresa Piccoli, PhD; Chandan K. Sen, PhD, FNCA; Heather Powell, PhD

WHS SESSION L: CONCURRENT ORAL ABSTRACTS II (non-accredited)

2:15 PM - 3:15 PM

Chandan K. Sen, PhD; David Armstrong, MD

Details

Oral abstract presentations will feature the highest-scoring abstracts submitted to the WHS.
INFLAMMATION, BIOFILM INFECTION, AND IMMUNITY (L1)

Linday Kalan, PhD; Mithun Sinha, PhD

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND REGENERATIVE HEALING (L2)

Helena Zomer, PhD; Carlos Zgheib, PhD

FIBROSIS AND SCARRING (L3)

Anie Philip, PhD; Swathi Balaji, MD

ADVANCES IN BIOMATERIALS AND BIOENGINEERING FOR WOUND HEALING THERAPEUTICS (L4)

Kara Spiller, PhD; Daniel Gibson, PhD

BREAK

3:15 PM - 3:30 PM

WHS SESSION M: NIH DFC CONSORTIUM PANEL

3:30 PM - 4:30 PM

Rivka Stone, MD, PhD; Kara Spiller, PhD; Monika Niewczas, MD, PhD, MPH; Lindsay Kalan, PhD; Sashwati Roy, PhD; Brian Schmidt, MD

Details

This session will highlight six exciting projects in the NIDDK Diabetic Foot Consortium for biomarkers predictive of diabetic foot ulcer healing. A panel discussion will follow short presentations on bacterial biomarkers that analyze the transcriptome (Dr. Lindsay Kalan) and metagenome (Dr. Brian Schmidt) of the wound microbiome; wound bed biomarkers that measure its metabolites (Dr. Sashwati Roy) and inflammatory state of macrophages (Dr. Kara Spiller); and systemic biomarkers that measure serum proteins (Dr. Monika Niewczas) and urine microRNAs (Dr. Rivka Stone).
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4:40 PM - 4:45 PM

WHS SESSION N: AWARDEE SPOTLIGHT

4:45 PM - 5:45 PM

Marjana Tomic-Canic, PhD; Mateusz S. Wietecha, DMD, PhD; Teresa Jones, MD

Details

This session will highlight the work of individuals that have recently received awards for their work.
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5:45 PM - 6:00 PM

WHS SESSION O: RAPID FIRE POSTER PRESENTATIONS

6:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Laura Swoboda, DNP, APNP, FNP-C, FNP-BC, CWOCNAP, WOCNF; Kyle Quinn, PhD

Details

This session will highlight the highest-scoring abstracts selected for poster presentations. Eight short ‘rapid-fire’ poster talks will be featured. Presenters will have one slide and two minutes to summarize novel research findings, then one minute to answer questions. This session will immediately precede the poster gala, where all poster presenters will be available to discuss their research.
WHS BUSINESS MEETING

6:30 PM - 7:00 PM

WHS AWARD SESSION

7:00 PM - 7:15 PM

WHS AND SAWC SPRING POSTER GALA/AWARDS

7:00 PM - 8:30 PM

WHS Day 4 GENERAL SESSION: MACHINE LEARNING IN WOUND HEALING

9:15 AM - 10:15 AM

Deeptankar DeMazumder, MD, PhD; Kyle Quinn, PhD

Details

This session will explore how Artificial Intelligence (AI)’s changing wound care by looking at the advanced technologies powered by AI that are transforming how we diagnose wounds and predict outcomes for healing while also improving treatment approaches. We have two eminent speakers who will talk about the ways in which machine learning algorithms and predictive models, as well as AI-supported decision-making systems, are improving wound evaluation processes and leading to better results for patients. This session will also showcase real-world applications of AI in capturing images of wounds, examining risks, and automatically analyzing data to underline the significant role of AI in shaping the future of wound care.
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10:15 AM - 10:30 AM

WHS SESSION P: CONCURRENT ORAL ABSTRACTS III (non-accredited)

10:30 AM - 11:30 AM

Deeptankar DeMazumder, MD, PhD; Kyle Quinn, PhD

Details

Oral presentations will feature the highest-scoring abstracts submitted to the WHS.
INNOVATIONS IN BURN WOUND CARE (P1)

Shawn Tejiram, MD, FACS, FABA; Mohamed El Masry, MD, PhD

BRIDGING BENCH TO BEDSIDE IN CHRONIC WOUND RESEARCH (P2)

Ivan Jozic, PhD; Irena Pastar, PhD

MANAGING CHRONIC WOUNDS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (P3)

Dorothy M. Supp, PhD; Brian Schmidt, PhD

BIOENGINEERING AND BIOMATERIALS FOR EMERGING WOUND HEALING THERAPIES (P4)

Kath Bogie, D.Phil; Nathan Balukoff, PhD

WHS MEETING ADJOURNS

11:30 AM

LUNCH WITH EXHIBITORS

11:30 AM - 2:00 PM

2025 Journal Abstracts

Display Posters​

P15.

PCMP for Complex Wounds: Protective Barrier for Managing Bioburden in a Complex Wound Model
Rami A. Nasrallah*3, James L. Cook1,2, Kelly A. Kimmerling4, Chantelle C. Bozynski1,2, Aaron M. Stoker1,2, James P. Stannard1,2, Katie Mowry4
1Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 2Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, Columbia, MO; 3Research & Development, Organogenesis, San Diego, CA; 4Research & Development, Organogenesis, Birmingham, AL
PCMP for Complex Wounds: Protective Barrier for Managing Bioburden in a Complex Wound Model
Rami A. Nasrallah*3, James L. Cook1,2, Kelly A. Kimmerling4, Chantelle C. Bozynski1,2, Aaron M. Stoker1,2, James P. Stannard1,2, Katie Mowry4
1Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 2Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, Columbia, MO; 3Research & Development, Organogenesis, San Diego, CA; 4Research & Development, Organogenesis, Birmingham, AL

Patients with complex surgical wounds face significant challenges, often requiring repeated irrigation and debridement (I&D) to control infection and support wound progression. This creates considerable burden for both patients and healthcare resources. A porcine cross-linked native collagen matrix embedded with antimicrobial polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) has been developed to act as a protective barrier and supporting wound healing. To model a complex wound healing scenario, we utilized a canine model mimicking clinical complications associated with implant-infected fractures and accompanying draining wounds.
This study was conducted under an IACUC-approved protocol at the University of Missouri. Bilateral 1cm fibular defects (n=16) were created in 8 dogs and stabilized using plate-and-screw fixation. Each plate was incubated with a biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus suspension (1×105 CFU/mL) for 48 hours before fixation. At day 7 post-operation, all surgical wounds were clinically infected and draining; open irrigation and debridement (I&D) was performed to remove the infection and devitalized tissue, followed by the application of either a non-adherent dressing (control) or PCMP (n=8/group). Wound healing scores were assessed on days 3, 7, and 10 by three independent, blinded evaluators. Tissue samples were collected at day 10 and processed for gene expression and histological evaluation. Quantitative RNA expression for 84 wound-related genes was measured using (2-??Ct) to calculate gene expression. All statistics were done using GraphPad Prism software.
Wounds treated with PCMP yielded significantly improved wound healing scores on days 3 and 7 compared to controls (p<0.05). Histological assessments showed a positive trend for the PCMP group, though the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.291). Bacterial load trended lower in PCMP-treated wounds (2.67×105 CFU/g vs. 3.25×105 CFU/g in controls) but was not significant. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL5A3; p<0.05) and downregulation of proteases (MMP-1, -2, -7, -9; p<0.05) and inflammatory cytokines (CXCL11, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6; p<0.05) in wounds treated with PCMP, indicating progression through the normal stages of wound repair.
These findings indicate that PCMP may offer a promising approach for complex wound management by providing a protective barrier for managing bioburden resulting in wound progression and potentially reducing the need for repeated I&D procedures. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in clinical settings.

P16.

A Native Crosslinked Collagen Matrix Resists Enzymatic Degradation and Supports Fibroblast Attachment and Proliferation
Katrina Harmon*, Kelly A. Kimmerling, Katie Mowry
Research & Development, Organogenesis, Birmingham, AL
A Native Crosslinked Collagen Matrix Resists Enzymatic Degradation and Supports Fibroblast Attachment and Proliferation
Katrina Harmon*, Kelly A. Kimmerling, Katie Mowry
Research & Development, Organogenesis, Birmingham, AL

Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are a promising wound management option due to their ability to sequester excessive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and provide a framework to support the natural healing process. Here, a purified native crosslinked type I collagen ECM with PHMB (PCMP*, 2 layers) was compared to an ovine forestomach matrix (OFM^, 1 layer) to evaluate the impact of processing on degradation dynamics and scaffold functionality.
Matrix structure was assessed with scanning electron microscopy and histology, and the ability to reduce MMP levels was evaluated using fluorometric assays. ECM scaffolds were evaluated for durability using enzymatic degradation for up to 7 days, with either collagenase type I or type II alone or those enzymes within a simulated wound fluid (SWF+) model to simulate a chronic wound environment. Throughout degradation, scaffold functionality was assessed using primary human dermal fibroblasts where attachment, proliferation, and ECM deposition was evaluated.
Grafts differed in matrix structure and composition. OFM had a fibrous structure compared to PCMP, which had a denser, more tightly packed ECM. Both matrices resulted in the reduction of various MMPs; however, PCMP was overall more inhibitory (p<0.05). OFM rapidly degraded in all models with complete loss within three hours; therefore, OFM was omitted from further analysis. While PCMP degraded in all three models, it remained intact throughout the harshest degradation in SWF+ (p<0.05). When evaluating initial cell attachment, fibroblasts readily attached to both intact and SWF+ degraded scaffolds, with no significant differences in attachment between groups. Additionally, both scaffolds exhibited significant proliferation on days 7, 14, and 21 compared to day 3 (p<0.05). Seeded scaffolds were stained for immunofluorescence and ECM deposition was evaluated. Fibroblasts began depositing fibronectin as early as day 3 and increased deposition was seen over time. By day 21, there was a 6-fold increase in fibronectin on seeded scaffolds compared to day 3.
Together, this work highlights PCMP maintenance of scaffold properties throughout degradation and functionality as a scaffold by supporting fibroblast attachment, growth, and ECM deposition by fibroblasts in longer cultures.

P17.

ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF OSTOMY DEJECTA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERISTOMAL SKIN HEALTH IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
Julie V. Gawenda*1, Mirella A. Ejiugwo1, Abram D. Janis2, Shane Browne1,3
1Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland; 2Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, IL; 3CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

P18.

Genetic Damage Mitigation by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin Perfusion Model
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Genetic Damage Mitigation by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin Perfusion Model
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Radiation-induced DNA damage represents a critical challenge in both therapeutic and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly in the skin, where it leads to compromised integrity, genomic instability, and increased susceptibility to secondary injuries. Exposure to high-dose X-ray radiation, such as 10 Gy, induces double-strand DNA breaks, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, all of which can hinder tissue recovery and compromise skin function. Therefore, identifying agents capable of mitigating these effects is essential for enhancing skin recovery and reducing long-term complications. Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic medication, has shown promise as a radioprotective agent due to its ability to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhance DNA repair pathways. This study evaluated the efficacy of topical metformin in reducing DNA damage in human skin following X-ray irradiation.
Using an ex vivo human skin perfusion system, skin flaps were exposed to 10 Gy of X-ray radiation and divided into three groups: irradiation only, irradiation with a control cream, and irradiation with a metformin-containing cream. Biopsies were collected at four time points: days 2, 7, 11, and 13 post-irradiation. DNA damage was assessed using TUNEL staining and ?H2AX immunohistochemistry, which mark apoptotic cells and DNA double-strand breaks, respectively.
Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in both TUNEL-positive cells and ?H2AX foci in the metformin-treated group compared to untreated irradiated skin across all time points. This reduction was most pronounced at later stages, indicating that metformin not only reduces acute DNA damage but also supports long-term repair mechanisms.
In conclusion, metformin effectively mitigates radiation-induced genetic damage in human skin by enhancing DNA repair processes and reducing apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that metformin holds significant potential as a topical therapeutic agent to protect against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation. Its application could be particularly beneficial in clinical settings for patients undergoing radiotherapy, as well as in scenarios involving accidental radiation exposure.

P19.

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SKIN-DEGRADING CONSTITUENTS IN ILEOSTOMY DEJECTA
Mirella A. Ejiugwo*1, Julie V. Gawenda1, Abram D. Janis3, Shane Browne1,2
1Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Galway city, Connaught, Ireland; 2CURAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland, Galway city, Ireland; 3Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, IL
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SKIN-DEGRADING CONSTITUENTS IN ILEOSTOMY DEJECTA
Mirella A. Ejiugwo*1, Julie V. Gawenda1, Abram D. Janis3, Shane Browne1,2
1Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Galway city, Connaught, Ireland; 2CURAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland, Galway city, Ireland; 3Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, IL

About 1 million people live with an ostomy in the United States. An ostomy is a surgically created opening in the abdominal wall(stoma), that attaches the distal small bowel(ileostomy) or large bowel(colostomy) to the skin surface. Peristomal skin complications (PSC), damage to skin around a stoma, commonly occur following an ileostomy and have been attributed to this skin being exposed to the constituents in the semi-solid stool(dejecta). It has been suggested that the skin-degrading effect of dejecta is due to constituents such as pancreatic enzymes and gut bacteria. However, the contribution of dejecta constituents to PSC formation has not been established. Hence, there is a need to characterize the properties, constituents and cellular impact of ileostomy dejecta as a step towards developing more effective solutions to PSC.
Dejecta samples were collected from 12 ileostomates. The density, pH and buffering capacity of the dejecta samples(n=12) were characterized on the day of collection using standard methods. Trypsin and elastase in dejecta samples were quantified using fluorescence-based assay kits. The effect of dejecta on the migration and viability of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts over 48 hours was assessed using standard methods. The effect of dejecta on epidermal integrity was assessed in in vitro 3D skin models using H&E staining.
The mean density of the dejecta samples was measured as 0.973 kg/L. The mean pH of the dejecta samples was 6.16. The dejecta samples showed greater buffering capacity in the presence of a strong acid compared to a strong base. Trypsin and elastase levels in the dejecta samples were 1837.6±97.7-3728.2±367.0 ?g/ml and 11543.0±286.8-31473.1±605.5 µg/ml, respectively. Significant reduction in the migration and viability of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts was observed following dejecta exposure for 48 h. Dejecta exposure led to loss of epidermal continuity in in vitro 3D skin models.
The density values observed may reflect a person’s dietary fibre intake. The less acidic dejecta samples compared to the skin mantle pH range(4.1-5.8) could negatively affect peristomal skin flora and barrier function. The dejecta samples were resistant to pH changes in the presence of a strong acid – this could explain protease activity in dejecta when in direct contact with peristomal skin. Proteolytic activity in dejecta was confirmed via trypsin and elastase quantification, and could explain the skin damage seen in PSC. The addition of dejecta significantly reduced the viability and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, possibly due to gut bacteria present in dejecta. Finally, dejecta disrupted the epidermis of the in vitro 3D skin models – confirming dejecta’s skin damaging effect. Overall, these data identify possible mechanisms involved in the skin-damaging effect of dejecta that lead to PSC formation in ileostomates.

P20.

Proteomic Profiling of Blood Serum During Porcine Full Thickness Wound Healing
Nicole Jacobsen*, Erica Tassone
Life Sciences, Regenesis Biomedical, Phoenix, AZ

P21.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PORCINE WOUND HEALING
Ksenia Zlobina*1, Hsin-ya Yang2, Mircea Teodorescu1, Marco Rolandi1, Min Zhao2, Rivkah Isseroff2,3, Marcella Gomez1
1University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA; 2University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA; 3VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN PORCINE WOUND HEALING
Ksenia Zlobina*1, Hsin-ya Yang2, Mircea Teodorescu1, Marco Rolandi1, Min Zhao2, Rivkah Isseroff2,3, Marcella Gomez1
1University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA; 2University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA; 3VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of wound healing using high-throughput gene expression analysis.
The investigation was conducted using 6 pigs, each with 12 wounds. The wound edge and center were sampled from days 0, 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, till wound closure day 21, totaling 150 samples. Tissue was processed for RNAseq by the high-throughput and precise next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques with the Illumina NovaSeq platforms.
Our primary aim was to identify genes that dynamically change their expression during healing.
We hypothesized that synchronous expression of a cluster of genes may indicate a shared regulatory mechanism, such as expression by the same cell type or response to the same stimulus in different cells. We searched for clusters of genes with strong correlations in their expression patterns. The identified clusters were validated using the Gene Ontology (GO) resource. Only clusters with statistically significant p-values and clearly defined sets of GO terms were included in the analysis.
13 gene clusters were identified: 3 clusters with maximum on days 1-4 correspond to immune response, 3 clusters with minimum gene expression on day 1 and consistently increasing after that are related to extracellular matrix development, 2 clusters are related to epithelization. As expected, “epithelization” clusters at the wound edge consistently maintain high expression levels, while in the wound center, expression diminishes on day 1 post-injury, returning to baseline by the end of the healing. Epithelial genes appear at wound center only during the later stages of healing correlating with histological re-epithelialization.
3 gene clusters exhibit a notable correlation between genes inside each cluster and possess specific GO annotations yet display non-smooth dynamics.
The first of these clusters is labeled by GO as “Hair”, “Muscle” and “Lipid.” All 3 clusters demonstrate consistent dynamics between genes within each cluster however, the time-series trajectory of expression is not smooth, with high variability between replicates taken at the same day and location, likely related to biological heterogeneity of the samples. Although hair and muscle genes have been previously suggested to play a role in skin wound healing, our findings suggest a more probable association with how samples are collected.
Our study highlights the dynamic spatiotemporal changes in immune response, extracellular matrix formation, and epithelialization during acute wound healing, while also emphasizing the challenges posed by wound tissue heterogeneity. Understanding these dynamics and addressing sampling challenges are essential for gaining accurate insights into wound healing mechanisms and developing improved therapeutic approaches. The data obtained in this study can serve as a valuable reference for future investigations in wound transcriptomics.

P22.

THE ROLE OF GUT BACTERIA IN PERISTOMAL SKIN COMPLICATIONS
Julie V. Gawenda*1, Mirella A. Ejiugwo1, Abram D. Janis5, Sinéad T. O’Donnell2,3, Shane Browne1,4
1Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland; 2Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 3Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; 4CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; 5Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, IL
THE ROLE OF GUT BACTERIA IN PERISTOMAL SKIN COMPLICATIONS
Julie V. Gawenda*1, Mirella A. Ejiugwo1, Abram D. Janis5, Sinéad T. O’Donnell2,3, Shane Browne1,4
1Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland; 2Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 3Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; 4CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; 5Hollister Incorporated, Libertyville, IL

An ostomy is a surgically created percutaneous aperture from a hollow organ to the abdominal wall, facilitating the expulsion of waste products, termed dejecta. While an ostomy can be lifesaving, circumventing compromised organs of the gastrointestinal system, it is commonly associated with damage to the skin surrounding the ostomy, termed peristomal skin complications (PSCs). The greatest risk factor for PSCs is dejecta leakage onto the skin, particularly in an ileostomy, a diversion of the small intestine, presumed to be due to high pancreatic enzyme and bile acid concentrations. However, the active constituents of dejecta, particularly the dejecta microbiota, are poorly understood. This project aims to address this knowledge gap by creating in vitro skin models to elucidate the role of bacteria in PSC-related injury.
Ileostomy dejecta collected from 7 patients was cultured in aerobic and anaerobic conditions to establish bacterial dominances. Species were quantified using viable plate count and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Skin-equivalent models (SEMs), comprising human dermal fibroblasts in a collagen gel with a stratified HaCaT keratinocyte layer, were cultivated for 21 days. PSCs were mimicked by applying filter paper saturated with dejecta onto the SEMs for 24 hours. To quantify the contribution of bacteria, samples underwent disinfection (filtration, penicillin-streptomycin treatment, and freeze-thaw cycles) to reduce the viable bacterial load, and were compared to the respective raw/untreated sample effect on the SEMs by histological analysis.
Bacterial culture has revealed unique individual microbiome profiles, with 32 distinct species identified across 7 patient dejecta samples. These cultures revealed a dominance of facultative anaerobic species, with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Klebsiella species predominating. SEM formation, with distinct dermal and epidermal layers, was confirmed by histology. Preliminary testing showed application of raw ileostomy dejecta caused significant damage to the SEMs, characterized by epidermal erosion and disruptions in the dermal matrix on histology. Comparatively, disinfected samples showed a reduced degree of damage, with better preservation of skin structure.
The distinction between the effects of raw and disinfected dejecta demonstrates that bacterial presence accelerates skin damage, although the precise mechanism remains uncertain. Interestingly, several of the bacterial species isolated are known to produce proteases that can degrade skin proteins, which may contribute to the development of PSCs (e.g. E. faecium produces gelatinase, capable of cleaving denatured collagen). Insights from this project may inform the development of future therapies to mitigate PSCs for patients with ileostomies by elucidating the microbial dynamics occurring at the unique gut-skin interface created by an ostomy.

P23.

FIRST-IN-HUMAN CLINICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF MICROPOROUS ANNEALED PARTICLE (MAP) WOUND MATRIX IN PATIENTS WITH CLEAN WOUNDS AFTER MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY (MMS) FOR SKIN CANCER
Stephanie Deshayes*1, Donald Griffin1,2, Andrea Quach1, Stephanie Martin3, C. William Hanke4, Jennifer Hau5, Westbrook Weaver1
1Tempo Therapeutics, San Diego, CA; 2University of Virginia, Charlotsville, VA; 3Cal Coast Dermatology, Encino, CA; 4Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Indiana, Carmel, IN; 5Cypress Dermatology, Cypress, TX
FIRST-IN-HUMAN CLINICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF MICROPOROUS ANNEALED PARTICLE (MAP) WOUND MATRIX IN PATIENTS WITH CLEAN WOUNDS AFTER MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY (MMS) FOR SKIN CANCER
Stephanie Deshayes*1, Donald Griffin1,2, Andrea Quach1, Stephanie Martin3, C. William Hanke4, Jennifer Hau5, Westbrook Weaver1
1Tempo Therapeutics, San Diego, CA; 2University of Virginia, Charlotsville, VA; 3Cal Coast Dermatology, Encino, CA; 4Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Indiana, Carmel, IN; 5Cypress Dermatology, Cypress, TX

Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCC) or Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC) affect over 5 million patients every year in the US alone. Acute surgical oncology resection sites of BCCs and SCCs are frequently addressed with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). A significant number of these patients require surgical resection that exposes bone, muscle, or fascia. The recovery of these surgical sites is challenging, costly, and requires careful management to optimize healing and minimize complications. The most prevalent complications of post-operative wound management following MMS are infection and scarring from dermal atrophy and scar contracture. Currently, there is neither a one-size-fits-all approach nor a single standard treatment to post-Mohs wound care.
MAP Wound Matrix is a flowable biomaterial that conforms to the wound shape and uses cell-scale networks of pores to physically integrate with the tissue for a single treatment approach to tissue regeneration. The purpose of this first-in-human clinical study is to evaluate the safety of MAP Wound Matrix when used in the treatment of clean wounds after MMS compared to a standard hydrocolloid dressing.
Subjects underwent skin cancer surgery via MMS in the clinic. Post-surgery, subjects were randomly assigned to investigational (MAP Wound Matrix) or control (hydrocolloid dressing) treatment in a 2:1 ratio. Uniquely, the study design does not exclude patients with complex wounds or that are suffering from immunodeficiency. MAP Wound Matrix is applied only once after surgery, while the control is reapplied following standard of care (i.e., every 3-4 days for the first two weeks). Subjects were followed through multiple follow-up visits, either in clinic or virtual for up to six months. The primary endpoint is the incidence of serious adverse device effects (SADE) in subjects treated with MAP Wound Matrix, compared to the control treatment group. Secondary assessments include standard clinical wound assessment, wound imaging, device assessment, and pain.
As of November 22nd 2024, 25 subjects were enrolled, and no SADEs have been reported. Surgical wound images have been captured and clinical wound assessments have been collected for all patients over the course of healing. Clinical assessment data thus far indicate no inhibition of wound healing for MAP Wound Matrix treated subjects, and early tissue integration. The number of wound dressing changes was reduced for the MAP Wound Matrix arm compared to the control arm.
Study results thus far indicate the MAP Wound Matrix can be applied to clean wound after MMS without SADEs. In addition, these interim data suggest that MAP Wound Matrix has the potential to affect wound healing after cancer resection via a single treatment. The potential of a product to improve tissue formation over bone, cartilage, or fascia while reducing complications of scar contracture and dermal atrophy would address a significant unmet medical need for patients undergoing skin cancer surgery.

P24.

Hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia of the hand
Bommie F. Seo*, Jiyoon Kim, Dayoon Kwon
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
Hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia of the hand
Bommie F. Seo*, Jiyoon Kim, Dayoon Kwon
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Shunting of the arterial flow through hemodialysis access is a challenging complication of the dialysis patient termed dialysis access-associated steal syndrome (DASS). Decrease in distal arterial flow is a common physiological phenomenon, and the majority are asymptomatic. However, when such patients develop trauma or injury in the distal upper limb, the relative increase in perfusion requirement will not be met, and may result in rapid ischemic deterioration of the wound. Immediate diagnosis and intervention will aid salvage of the limb.
Case1: A 56-year-old female who had right arm arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis referred for admission due to burn wound care of right third finger after contacting hot pan a month ago. At the time, only third distal finger showed necrotic change but after short days later it progressed aggressively to forearm. Decreased flow of ulnar artery due to steal syndrome, right forearm became necrotic so that inevitable above elbow amputation was done.
Case2: A 46-year-old female who had also left arm arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis came to emergency room for necrotic change of left fifth finger after contusion against wall. Prompt evaluation of arteriovenous shunt flow was done and it showed stenosis of brachial and ulnar artery. After successful angioplasty, the degree of necrosis decreased, with better perfusion warming the hand. The patient underwent debridement and fillet flap coverage, and has healed well.
Advanced hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia requires urgent management in order to salvage the limb. Hand surgeons may be the first people to encounter distal wounds. This underlying condition should always be kept in mind to provide the patient with timely, adequate care.

P25.

MANAGEMENT OF THE PEDIATRIC DIGITAL ISCHEMIC NECROSIS BY SELF-ADHERENT ELASTIC WRAP DRESSING
Jong Yun Choi*
Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
MANAGEMENT OF THE PEDIATRIC DIGITAL ISCHEMIC NECROSIS BY SELF-ADHERENT ELASTIC WRAP DRESSING
Jong Yun Choi*
Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Finger injury in infants have a significantly higher rate due to careless than adults, but pediatric bones are often green stick injury than the fractures. So medical treatment is performed with splint therapy rather than surgical treatment. Recently, with the development of dressing materials, self-adherent bandage of elastic-sticky materials are often used. (Figure 1.) However, when improperly applied these materials, they have the potential to cause devastating complications as the digital ischemic injuries.
A 3-year-old male patient suffered a green stick injury of the middle phalanx of the right ring finger as his finger caught in the door. Splint therapy was performed but the guardian applied a self-adherent bandage. Three days later, patient visited the hospital, and the fingertip was congested with discoloriation. Skin necrosis was observed in some of the ring fingertip. (Figure 2.)
Splint was removed immediately and intravenous prostaglandin and powdered aspirin were taken. Moist wound dressing was done on injured finger without any bandages. After 10 days, the whole skin color was restored to pinkish and discharged without complications. (Figure 3.) During the 6-month follow-up period, no additional complications were encountered. (Figure 4.)
Splint therapy for a infants’ finger injury, the fingertip should be opened so that can be closely observed at any time. During the splint therapy, it must be prevented by wrapping a bandage without tension. Medical staffs can be educated on the potentially these necrotic complications of dressing applications and can be encouraged to share this information with patients’ families.

P26.

PREVENTING DEHISCENCE IN SURGICAL INCISIONS COMPROMISED DUE TO GENETIC DISORDERS: EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME AND PECTUS EXCAVATUM
Linda L. Benskin*1,2
1Benskin Research Group, Austin, TX; 2Ferris Mfg. Corp., Fort Worth, TX
PREVENTING DEHISCENCE IN SURGICAL INCISIONS COMPROMISED DUE TO GENETIC DISORDERS: EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME AND PECTUS EXCAVATUM
Linda L. Benskin*1,2
1Benskin Research Group, Austin, TX; 2Ferris Mfg. Corp., Fort Worth, TX

Patients with certain genetic disorders require corrective surgery, even though their condition may put them at high risk for dehiscence. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare genetic disorder that disrupts the production, quality, and strength of collagen, leading to significant problems with the joints and other tissues and organs, including a propensity to suffer from open wounds, delayed healing, and weak scars. Pectus excavatum is often caused by collagen disorders such as EDS and Marfan Syndrome.

Three young women are described here. One required cervical fusion due to severe neck damage from EDS. A second developed blistering of her pectus excavatum repair incision. A third, also with EDS, had open abdominal surgery to correct multiple issues, resulting in a long incision. For these patients, it was especially important for their clinical team to promote brisk durable incision closure and to prevent post-operative complications such as surgical site infection and dehiscence.
Polymeric membrane dressings (PMDs) help prevent wound healing complications by controlling and focusing inflammation, which promotes healing, decreases edema, increases circulation, and leads to a stronger, smoother scar. They also continuously cleanse the incision site. And, they prevent crusts, which can harbor microbes and separate wound edges, from forming. The gentle suction PMDs apply can gently deflate blisters without bursting them.

The first patient, knowing the high risk of failure in closing incisions with EDS, chose a specialist surgeon and had PMDs brought to the hospital prior to the surgery. The second patient used PMDs to gently and atraumatically resolve the incisional blistering and pull the wound edges together. The third patient, who was extremely immune compromised, used PMDs to prevent a surgical site infection and to promote brisk incisional wound closure.
The first patient’s surgeon was astonished at how quickly her incision closed with a smooth, strong scar, which was in dramatic contrast to his experiences with other patients who had Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. The second patient was amazed at how quickly her incisional pain dissipated when she put the PMD on her blistered incision site. Her surgeon canceled plans to revise her incision because PMDs had reversed the impending dehiscence. The third patient’s incision also closed without incident.
Using inflammation-controlling, continuously-cleansing, moisture-balancing PMDs on their incisional wounds benefited these three young patients, all of whom had genetic health issues that increased their risk of poor outcomes.

P27.

miR-15b as a Key Regulator of Impaired Angiogenesis in Pressure Ulcers
Maria Emilia Mora*, Efua H. Bolouvi, Anisha Apte, Jimena Canchis, Jacob Diermayr, YONA KLEINERMAN, Skopp Skopp, Alyssa San Agustin, Kenneth W. Liechty, Carlos Zgheib
Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Tucson School of Medicine, Banner Children’s at Diamond Children’s Medical Center, Tucson, AZ
miR-15b as a Key Regulator of Impaired Angiogenesis in Pressure Ulcers
Maria Emilia Mora*, Efua H. Bolouvi, Anisha Apte, Jimena Canchis, Jacob Diermayr, YONA KLEINERMAN, Skopp Skopp, Alyssa San Agustin, Kenneth W. Liechty, Carlos Zgheib
Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Tucson School of Medicine, Banner Children’s at Diamond Children’s Medical Center, Tucson, AZ

Pressure ulcers (PUs) result from prolonged ischemia and impaired tissue perfusion, leading to chronic wounds. Angiogenesis, an important process in tissue healing and known to be dysregulated in pressure ulcers, is driven by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1?) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recent findings show that microRNAs, like miR-15b, may influence angiogenesis by modulating these pathways. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that impaired angiogenesis in pressure ulcers is due in part to dysregulated miR-15b levels.
A murine model of pressure ulcers was established using cyclic ischemia (120 minutes) and reperfusion (60 minutes) for 10 cycles. Gene expression levels of HIF-1?, VEGF, and miR-15b were analyzed using quantitative PCR.
Our results reveal that, compared to healthy skin, pressure ulcers showed significant upregulation of miR-15b, which is correlated with decreased expression of HIF-1? and VEGF (p=0.0281, p=0.0088. The anti-angiogenic role of miR-15b was evident through its suppression of key vascular repair pathways, contributing to persistent wound chronicity.
Our study identifies miR-15b as a negative regulator of angiogenesis in PUs via the downregulation of HIF-1? and VEGF, impairing vascular remodeling and delaying wound healing. Therapeutic targeting of miR-15b represents a promising strategy to enhance angiogenesis and improve chronic wound outcomes.

P28.

miR-15b as a Key Regulator of Impaired Angiogenesis in Pressure Ulcers
Parmeshar singh*1, Fanjaniaina Andriamifidy Henintsoa2, Pooja Swami2, Jasninder Singh5, Daniel Grande2,3, Lance B. Becker1,3, Alisha Oropallo3,4, Amanda Beneat,1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 2Department of Orthopaedic Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 3Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; 4Department of Vascular Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Healing Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY; 5Redlands community hospital, Redlands, CA
REAL TIME MONITORING OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYNAMICS TO IMPROVE WOUND HEALING RESEARCH AND EVALUATE THERAPY STRATEGIES.
Parmeshar singh*1, Fanjaniaina Andriamifidy Henintsoa2, Pooja Swami2, Jasninder Singh5, Daniel Grande2,3, Lance B. Becker1,3, Alisha Oropallo3,4, Amanda Beneat,1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 2Department of Orthopaedic Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 3Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; 4Department of Vascular Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Healing Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY; 5Redlands community hospital, Redlands, CA

Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in wound healing by facilitating oxygen and nutrient delivery to regenerating tissues. During wound healing, angiogenic capillary sprouts invade and organize into a microvascular network within the granulation tissue. Endothelial cell proliferation and capillary tubule formation facilitate granulation tissue development and restore vascular integrity in the wound milieu. The capillary tube formation assay using HUVECs is a robust model to assess interventions aimed at enhancing vascularization in wound healing. This study aims to develop an advanced, reproducible method for a continuous live monitoring of in-vitro tube formation of HUVEC to provide real-time insights into cellular dynamics during angiogenesis and assess cellular responses in a time-dependent manner for optimizing future therapeutic interventions.
HUVECs (ATCC®) were cultured to 95% confluency in endothelial cell media (R&D Systems®). Matrigel (Corning® Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix Growth Factor Reduced) was used to coat the cell culture plate prior to cell seeding. Care was taken to prevent premature polymerization of Matrigel. Briefly, 80 µL of Matrigel was pipetted onto a pre-chilled 96 well plate using a cold pipette that was priorly kept in 4°C. The plate was then incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 40 minutes. HUVECs were seeded onto the pre-coated plate at varying cell densities: 10,000-40,000. Finally, cells were incubated in an Incucyte® imaging system under standard conditions of 37°C and 5% CO2. Continuous live imaging of tube formation was performed for 48 hours, allowing real-time monitoring of endothelial cell migration, alignment, interaction, and network formation. Quantitative analysis was carried out using both an AI-based software and ImageJ.
Live videographic imaging revealed detailed and clear angiogenic dynamics over 48 hours with 30-minute intervals, enabling precise identification of angiogenic milestones. The experiment demonstrated robust and reproducible tube formation by HUVECs, with clear visualization of parameters such as sprouting, branching, and network formation. Key metrics such as total tube length, branching points, and loop numbers significantly improved (p< 0.05) in the 40,000-cell density group. This automated approach minimized manual interventions, ensuring experimental consistency and reproducibility.
This technique, which captures real-time endothelial cell dynamics, represents a significant advancement in wound angiogenesis research. This imaging system provided detailed insights into angiogenesis at specific timepoints, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of in vitro vascular growth during wound healing. It offers a powerful platform for studying the dose and time dependent therapeutic efficacy of agents in regenerative medicine.

P29.

DELAYED WOUND HEALING AND HYPERGRANULATION IN A CHILD WITH SMOC1 MUTATION: A CASE REPORT
Helen Hernandez*1, Helena Zomer2, DANI BAISDEN1, INGRID FLEMING3
1SMOC1 Foundation for Hope, Jackson, MS; 2Department of Physiological Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, GAINSEVILLE, FL; 3Institute for Vascular Signalling Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
DELAYED WOUND HEALING AND HYPERGRANULATION IN A CHILD WITH SMOC1 MUTATION: A CASE REPORT
Helen Hernandez*1, Helena Zomer2, DANI BAISDEN1, INGRID FLEMING3
1SMOC1 Foundation for Hope, Jackson, MS; 2Department of Physiological Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, GAINSEVILLE, FL; 3Institute for Vascular Signalling Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany

Genetic mutations affecting critical molecular pathways can disrupt the process of wound healing, leading to complications such as delayed healing or hypergranulation tissue formation. SMOC1, a matricellular protein involved in various biological functions, has been implicated in platelet aggregation and endothelial cell activity, both of which are vital for effective wound repair. This case report explores the impact of a SMOC1 mutation on wound healing in a pediatric patient, and a literature review provided mechanistic insights into the delayed healing observed.
The healing trajectory of a 5-year-old female with a SMOC1 genetic mutation was monitored following major surgery. Clinical observations, including time to healing and tissue morphology, were analyzed. Then, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on SMOC1 function was evaluated to contextualize the observed clinical outcomes.
The patient exhibited delayed wound healing, requiring approximately four times the expected duration to heal, alongside hypergranulation tissue formation. These clinical features suggest an arrest in the inflammatory phase and a failure to transition effectively to the proliferative phase. A review of the scientific literature on SMOC1 function identified one study detailing its role in platelet aggregation and two studies examining the effects of SMOC1 knockdown on endothelial cells. The platelet aggregation study demonstrated that smoc1+/- mice exhibited reduced aggregation in response to low thrombin concentrations, likely impairing the first phase of repair. Platelet aggregation is critical for both hemostasis and the formation of a preliminary wound matrix, which serves as the foundation for subsequent stages of healing. The endothelial cell studies provided further insights, revealing that SMOC1 knockdown led to reduced proliferative and migratory capacity, as well as alterations in tube formation, indicative of impaired angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a pivotal process for transitioning from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of wound healing.
If the findings from these in vitro studies translate to the clinical context, it is reasonable to hypothesize that delayed wound healing in this patient was driven by defective provisional wound matrix and angiogenesis, which would implicate in impaired epithelial cell growth and migration. Together, these deficiencies likely arrest wound healing in inflammation and delay progression through proliferation. The observed hypergranulation tissue formation in the young female with a SMOC1 mutation aligns with these conclusions. Further studies are necessary to determine the relative contributions of these factors and validate their roles in SMOC1-related wound healing impairments.

P30.

Bespoke Photodynamic Polymer for Antibiotic-free Infection Control
Giuseppe Tronci*1,2
1HYFACOL Limited, Leeds, United Kingdom; 2University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

P31.

WITHDRAWN

P32.

Experimental and clinical study of flap monitoring with analysis of clinical course of the flap using Infrared thermal camera
Hwanjun Choi*, Hyun Kim
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Please Select, Korea (the Republic of)
Experimental and clinical study of flap monitoring with analysis of clinical course of the flap using Infrared thermal camera
Hwanjun Choi*, Hyun Kim
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Please Select, Korea (the Republic of)

Flap surgery is common surgical method to coverage the defect which followed by tumor ablation, trauma, or infection. However, if the vascularity of the transferred flap is not sufficient, flap necrosis and flap failure may occur. To prevent this, proper monitoring after flap surgery is essential. Recently, research on infrared thermal imaging has been conducted in various fields of plastic surgery, leading to clinical application. During flap monitoring, a forward looking infrared (FLIR) camera can be used to check the blood flow of the flap.
In this study, 28 rats underwent a 3Ũ9 cm reverse McFarlane flap surgery. Seven days later, their flaps were analyzed using a FLIR thermal imaging camera. Additionally, 22 patients with flaps had thermal images taken on postoperative days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7. The study focused on analyzing temperature differences between the normal skin and the perforator, and comparing these with the average temperature of the flap.
The temperature difference between normal skin and the perforator was higher in the necrosis group than in the non-necrosis group, increasing over time in cases of total necrosis. This gradient can indicate the clinical progression of the flap. If the perforator’s temperature is lower than the flap’s average, it suggests vascular compromise, potentially leading to flap failure.
FLIR camera is contact-free and has high convenience. With these advantages, it has the potential to be used to understand and infer the clinical course of flaps when applied to flap monitoring.

P33.

MYOFIBROBLAST SUBPOPULATIONS IN BURN WOUND HEALING
Chinarose Carlos*, Shannon M. Clayton, Abigail Graham, Fariba Mohebichamkhorami, Athena Soulika
Dermatology, UC davis, Sacramento, CA
MYOFIBROBLAST SUBPOPULATIONS IN BURN WOUND HEALING
Chinarose Carlos*, Shannon M. Clayton, Abigail Graham, Fariba Mohebichamkhorami, Athena Soulika
Dermatology, UC davis, Sacramento, CA

Burn injuries are a major global health concern, ranking as the fourth most common type of injury. Healing mechanisms defined in other wounds are often applied to burn wounds. However, documented effects of major trauma, such as a burn injury, both on immune responses and the skin itself suggest that burn wound healing mechanisms may be distinct and warrant further investigation.

One of the cell types that has been shown to play a crucial role in wound healing are myofibroblasts, the predominant cell type in the wound dermis. Myofibroblasts can be categorized into various subsets that can either promote repair or favor scar formation.

Thus, we set to identify myofibroblast populations and their temporal profiles during burn wound injury. We aimed to examine whether specific subsets are increased in burn wound healing compared to those documented in excision wounds.
We employed a mouse model of scald burn injury and isolated tissue during the proliferative phase; (day 14 post injury; d14 pi), at wound closure (d28 pi), and during the remodeling phase (d42 pi). Tissues were analyzed via hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. We employed previously established flow cytometric analysis to define fibrotic (CD45-CD31-CD26+) and non-fibrotic (CD45-CD31-CD26-) myofibroblasts. Spatial distribution of adipose precursors and myofibroblasts within wound beds was done by immunohistochemistry and by examining cells isolated from the wound edge and wound center via flow cytometry. Male and female mice were analyzed separately.
All subsets were present at the burn wound site during the healing process. In addition, we identified adipose precursor cells, (CD45-CD31-SCA1+CD34+CD29+), and CD29hi and CD29low myofibroblasts (CD45-CD31-SCA1-CD34-CD29hi/lo); all subsets were further subcategorized based on the CD26 and CD9 expression. Data collection and analysis of each timepoint is still underway.
Here, we have established the presence of myofibroblast subpopulations during burn wound healing. Myofibroblast spatial and temporal profiles during burn wound healing are unclear. Our investigation will allow us to better understand the dynamics and interactions of these cell populations and could lead to a better understanding of burn healing mechanisms.

P34.

IATROGENIC SPARK BURN INJURY TO THE CHEST FROM A TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING PATCH
Jong Yun Choi*
Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
IATROGENIC SPARK BURN INJURY TO THE CHEST FROM A TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING PATCH
Jong Yun Choi*
Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Iatrogenic electrical burns that occur from the use of a defibrillator, a paddle-type cardiac shock device, have been reported in various forms. Electrical burns are usually conducted directly through the skin and are more damaging than scald burns or contact burns. A transcutaneous cardiac pacing device is a patch-type cardiac shock device that automatically delivers a shock when an abnormal heart rhythm is detected. We introduce a unique case of iatrogenic electrical burns caused by the transcutaneous pacing patch of a cardiac shock device. Electrical energy was converted into a spark due to foreign bodies deposited around the patch, resulting in damage to the peripheral area of the skin
A 57-year-old unconscious male was brought to the emergency department. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed repeated ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The patient was transferred to the cardiac intensive care unit, and a transcutaneous cardiac patch was applied for ECG monitoring and intervention (Figure. 1). For each ventricular fibrillation, he received 150 J of electrical shock, which was performed 41 times over the course of 2 days. After the patient’s recovery, multiple bullae and an eschar were observed in the location where the transcutaneous patch was removed.
The burn wounds measured 8×12 cm and appeared as patch-sized, ring-like intense erythema outlines in the shape of the gel pads. Bullae had formed along the erythematous peripheral side, and dermal injury was observed (Figure. 2). The burn wounds were dressed with ointment that contained recombinant epidermal growth factor (Easyef®, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Company, Republic of Korea) and an absorbent foam material (Mepilex®, Mölnlycke Health Care AB, Sweden) every day. Starting on the second day, his heart rhythm was stable, and no additional cardiac shock therapy was required. The patient was discharged 2 weeks later. After 3 weeks, the outpatient course showed recovery with complete epithelization (Figure. 3).
To summarize, when transcutaneous patches are attached for the first time, the contact surface should always be clean without any foreign bodies. In addition, physicians must correctly apply the patches on the skin with sufficient medical lubricant. Finally, as the patient’s vital signs are closely monitored, physicians should carefully check for any burn injury during pacing.

P35.

35-DAY FULL-THICKNESS WOUND HEALING STUDY OF MICROPOROUS ANNEALED PARTICLES IN DIABETIC YUCATAN MINIATURE SWINE
Donald Griffin*1,2, Stephanie Deshayes1, Westbrook Weaver1
1Tempo Therapeutics, San Diego, CA; 2University of Virginia, Charlotsville, VA
35-DAY FULL-THICKNESS WOUND HEALING STUDY OF MICROPOROUS ANNEALED PARTICLES IN DIABETIC YUCATAN MINIATURE SWINE
Donald Griffin*1,2, Stephanie Deshayes1, Westbrook Weaver1
1Tempo Therapeutics, San Diego, CA; 2University of Virginia, Charlotsville, VA

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant global healthcare burden, characterized by slow healing, poor tissue reformation, and high infection rates that result in 60% re-ulceration rates after 3 years. Despite current treatment options, an estimated 20% of DFU patients require lower limb amputation. These statistics outline a clear need for innovative wound care materials that can accelerate healing and improve outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the MAP Wound Matrix, a novel biomaterial, as a single application treatment to promote diabetic wound healing using a diabetic porcine model. The study included current clinical standards of care for comparative evaluation.
Full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of alloxan-induced diabetic Yucatan miniature swine. Wounds were treated with either MAP Wound Matrix, Aquaphor (standard care), or Oasis SIS (comparator). Wound healing was assessed through histological analysis, including re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, inflammation, and vascularization.
MAP Wound Matrix demonstrated superior wound healing outcomes compared to the control groups. Positive results included prevention of wound contraction, promotion of rapid re-epithelialization and vascularization, and reduction of local inflammation.
The MAP Wound Matrix holds promise as an alternative therapeutic option for DFUs, including the promotion of multiple superior wound healing outcomes relative to current clinical options. Importantly, the scaffold’s ability to act as a single treatment option that reduces the need for repeated clinician intervention suggests that it may improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden. Further clinical studies will validate its efficacy and safety in patients.

P36.

CELL PROLIFERATION AND EXPRESSION STUDIES OF SESAMOL IN HUMAN DIABETIC DERMAL FIBROBLASTS : AN INVITRO STUDY
Fathima Beegum*1, Rekha R Shenoy2, k Nandakumar2
1Pharmacology, yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Center, Mangalore, Karnataka, India; 2Pharmacology, Manipal college of pharmaceutical sciences, Manipal, karnataka, India
CELL PROLIFERATION AND EXPRESSION STUDIES OF SESAMOL IN HUMAN DIABETIC DERMAL FIBROBLASTS : AN INVITRO STUDY
Fathima Beegum*1, Rekha R Shenoy2, k Nandakumar2
1Pharmacology, yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Center, Mangalore, Karnataka, India; 2Pharmacology, Manipal college of pharmaceutical sciences, Manipal, karnataka, India

Delayed wound healing is one of the important characteristics of diabetes which is mainly due to hyperglycemia. In delayed wound healing under diabetic condition there observed changes in expression of various markers which is important in promoting healing of wounds. Sesamol, component of sesame seeds has showed wound healing potential in dexamethasone induced delayed wound healing and normal wound healing. Previously we have studied the effect of sesamol in cell viability, migration and expression of certain markers. Present study focused on evaluating the effect of sesamol in cell proliferation and expression of different markers in Human diabetic dermal fibroblasts.
Ki67 expression assay by flow cytometry is used to evaluate cell proliferation and to evaluate expression of various markers RT-PCR is used
Previously SRB assay was performed and found out the effect of test molecule in cell viability, based on the assay two doses have been selected for further study. In the proliferation study the SM treated groups shown significant increase (P< 0.05) in the activity when compare to control. Expression of markers such as PDGF BB, EGF,IGF JNK,P38,N Cadherin ,SLUG is done using RT-PCR and found out that sesamol increased the expression of markers (PDGF-BB, EGF,IGF,JNK,P38,N-Cadherin, SLUG)significantly (P<0.05)and decreased P38 expression significantly (P<0.05) thereby promoting wound healing.
There was observed significant change in expression of various markers involved in wound healing at two doses of sesamol selected by cell viability assay which indicates the wound healing potential of compound in diabetes. There observed increase rate of proliferation of cells which shows the wound healing potential in chronic wounds such us in case of diabetes.

P37.

FIBROBLAST DYSFUNCTION UNDER HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITIONS: A DOSE DEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MIGRATION
Parmeshar singh*1, Fanjaniaina Andriamifidy Henintsoa2, Blanca Espin1, Gunisha Kaur3, Daniel Grande2,4, Lance Becker1,4, Alisha Oropallo4,5, Amanda Beneat,1
1Department of Emergency medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Resaearch, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 2Department of Orthopaedic Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 3Half Hollow Hills High School West, Dixhills, NY; 4Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; 5Department of Vascular Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Healing Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
FIBROBLAST DYSFUNCTION UNDER HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITIONS: A DOSE DEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MIGRATION
Parmeshar singh*1, Fanjaniaina Andriamifidy Henintsoa2, Blanca Espin1, Gunisha Kaur3, Daniel Grande2,4, Lance Becker1,4, Alisha Oropallo4,5, Amanda Beneat,1
1Department of Emergency medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Resaearch, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 2Department of Orthopaedic Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research,Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY; 3Half Hollow Hills High School West, Dixhills, NY; 4Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; 5Department of Vascular Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Healing Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY

Diabetes substantially impairs wound healing through multiple interconnected mechanisms. Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to a persistent inflammatory state and disrupts the normal functions of skin-resident cells, including human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Under diabetic conditions, fibroblasts exhibit reduced proliferation, and compromised production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These factors altogether contribute to prolonged wound persistence and increased susceptibility to recurring infections, resulting in inadequate granulation tissue formation and delayed wound closure. In this study, we aim to investigate how poor hyperglycemic control affects HDF behavior in vitro. Specifically, we assess how these alterations in glycemic levels influence the migration of fibroblasts and to evaluate whether increasing glucose concentrations lead to a dose-dependent escalation in oxidative stress.
Adult Human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF-c adult Promo cell) were cultured in fibroblast growth media (Promocell) enriched with a growth supplement mix ( Promocell). Cells were exposed to varying glucose conditions (5 mM, 35 mM, and 50 mM) to evaluate cell migration, while 100 mM glucose was used exclusively for assessing ROS generation. At 95% confluency, cells were seeded onto a Type I bovine collagen(Advanced biomatrix)coated well plate. After 24 hours of seeding, a scratch wound was created using the Incucyte®WoundMaker tool, and migration dynamics, wound closure, and confluency were monitored over the next 24 hours using the Incucyte live imaging system. Data was analyzed using Incucyte analysis software. ROS generation was detected using CellROX™ Deep Red Reagent (Invitrogen), and visualized with a confocal microscope.
Cell migration was significantly reduced under higher glucose conditions. Both wound width and wound confluence were negatively affected in hyperglycemic state.The most difference in wound closure was observed at 17 hours. Wound closure was significantly reduced with 50 mM compared to 5mM. ROS generation also increased at 100 mM glucose, indicating that elevated glucose levels can exacerbate oxidative stress.
Collectively, these findings suggest that a hyperglycemic environment impairs cell migration in a dose-dependent manner and can compromise cellular oxidative balance. Future studies are required to test how hyperglycemia influences other cellular functions involved in normal wound closure. The future direction of this study is to investigate how hyperglycemia alter cellular responses involved in wound healing in other cell types such as endothelial, keratinocytes in-vitro. Additionally, studies will be aimed to test whether novel therapeutics that target mitochondrial stress can improve cellular activity contributing to normal cellular function both in-vitro and in vivo diabetic wound healing models.

P38.

Application of acellular dermal matrix for resolving impaired wound healing
Sang Wha Kim*
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
Application of acellular dermal matrix for resolving impaired wound healing
Sang Wha Kim*
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

One of the most important elements in wound healing is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Absence or dysfunction of the ECM may impair wound healing. The application of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a substitute for ECM has been suggested. This study investigated the clinical application and wound healing effects of a paste-type ADM in patients presenting with chronic wounds due to various causes.
Patients with a non-healing wound for more than 1 month, from September 2017 to February 2019, were included in this study. After debridement, ADM was applied, at 0 (baseline), 2, and 4 weeks. After application of the ADM, conventional dressing was performed using polyurethane foam. Wound size, the formation of granulation tissue, epithelization, complete healing, and adverse events were recorded at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the initial treatment.
The wound area decreased from 17.42 ± 10.04 to 12.73 ± 7.60 by week 1 (p<0.05), 10.16 ± 7.00 by week 2 (p<0.0005), 5.56 ± 5.25 by week 4 (p<0.0001), 2.77 ± 5.15 by week 8 (p<0.0001), and 2.07 ± 4.78 by week 12 (p<0.0001). The number of patients with > 75% epithelization increased from 2 (11%) at 2 weeks to 5 (28%) at 4 weeks, 11 (61%) at 8 weeks, and 13 (72%) at 12 weeks. The number of patients showing complete wound healing was 2 (11%) at 4 weeks, 9 (50%) at 8 weeks, and 12 (67%) at 12 weeks. No adverse events were reported during treatment.
ADM is a viable option for facilitating wound healing; it can shorten hospitalization, and promote a faster recovery and return to normal life activities

P39.

CHRONIC INTRACTABLE NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL-INFECTED WOUND AFTER ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY IN THE ELBOW JOINT: A CASE REPORT
Hoon Kim*
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
CHRONIC INTRACTABLE NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL-INFECTED WOUND AFTER ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY IN THE ELBOW JOINT: A CASE REPORT
Hoon Kim*
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)

Musculoskeletal nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections are rare, particularly post-acupuncture therapy, and present diagnostic challenges due to their infrequency and potential severity. Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial for optimal outcomes. NTM-infected wounds involving the joints are difficult to treat, and only a few cases have been reported.
An 81-year-old woman presented with a chronic, ulcerative wound on the right elbow joint where she had undergone repeated acupuncture therapy for chronic intolerable pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed synovial thickening, effusion, and subcutaneous cystic lesions. An orthopedic surgeon performed open synovectomy and serial debridement. However, 1 month postoperatively, the wound had not healed and became chronic. A wound culture revealed NTM ( Mycobacterium abscessus), and the patient was referred to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Instead of surgical intervention, conservative wound care with intravenous antibiotics was provided, considering the wound status and the patient’s poor general condition. We decided to initiate dressing treatment to minimize the bacterial burden. In the early treatment stages, outpatient conservative wound care, including hydrogel with povidone iodine (Repigel), dialchylcarbamoyl chloridecoated dressing, povidone iodine gauze, and intermittent negative pressure wound therapy, was applied twice a week for 4 months to reduce bacterial loading with autolysis of unhealthy granulation tissue. Simultaneously, the infectious disease specialist continuously adjusted the medication regimen, considering the patient’s tolerance and drug availability. Additionally, CRP levels were monitored monthly. Following 4 months of treatment, all wound cultures, including those for fungi, bacteria, and acidfast bacilli liquid cultures, showed negative results. At that juncture, despite the reduction in wound size and reduced amount of exudate, relative to the initial stage, further wound recovery was sluggish. When the mycobacterial load was confirmed to be controlled, an injectable paste-type acellular dermal matrix (CG Paste, CG Bio, Seongnam, Korea) was applied to the joint cavity to facilitate wound healing by mitigating dead space. Subsequently, the wound gradually exhibited reduced raw surface dimensions. At the end of the treatment period (approximately 10 months after treatment initiation), rapid growth of granulation tissue and progressive skin re-epithelialization occurred, and the wound displayed no discharge from the joint cavity.Complete wound healing was achieved in 12 months, with no impact on the range of motion of the elbow joint.
With clinical awareness, musculoskeletal NTM infection can be treated with conservative wound care and appropriate antimicrobial agents.

P40.

EFFECTIVENESS OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY (NPWT) AFTER PUNCH SKIN GRAFTING FOR SCALP WOUNDS; EXPERIENCE WITH 6 CASES
Kyoung Ae NAM*2,1
1Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of); 2Dermatology, YONSEI UNIVERSITY SEVERANCE HOSPITAL, SEOUL, 03712, Korea (the Republic of)
EFFECTIVENESS OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY (NPWT) AFTER PUNCH SKIN GRAFTING FOR SCALP WOUNDS; EXPERIENCE WITH 6 CASES
Kyoung Ae NAM*2,1
1Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of); 2Dermatology, YONSEI UNIVERSITY SEVERANCE HOSPITAL, SEOUL, 03712, Korea (the Republic of)

Complex wounds of the scalp are difficult to reconstruction. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is playing an increasingly important role in the management of complex wounds and has been reported for the treatment of complex wounds of the head and neck. A challenge for use on the scalp is sealing the hair-bearing scalp surface. Despite these challenges, NPWT has been used to maintain negative pressure immediately after punch skin grafting with successful results.
Retrospective review of 6 patients (2 males, 4 females) from November 2016 to July 2024 was performed.
Mean age of the patients was 60.5 years (42~80 years) with 2 male patients and 4 female patients. The most common anatomical sites were the frontal scalp in three patients, the temporal scalp in one patient, the parietal scalp in one patient, and the vertex in one patient. Patients were diagnosed with angiosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, nevus sebaceous, squamous cell carcinoma, cellulitis and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The skin graft donor site was a 3mm punch from the lower abdomen for two patients and a 2mm punch from the occipital containing hair for four patients. NPWT was applied for an average of 11.7days (range : 7~14days). It took 48 days for the wound to heal completely. These results show that a NPWT after punch skin grafting is an excellent therapeutic option for on scalp wounds.
NPWT can be used effectively after punch skin graft in the scalp wounds. In the 2mm hair transplant group, the scars were very small due to hair survival, proving that it was a good treatment.

P41.

WITHDRAWN

P42.

WITHDRAWN

P43.

Therapeutic Indices of Topical Antiseptics in Wound Care: A Systematic Review
Ryan Geng1, Ronald G. Sibbald*1, Jacqueline Slomovic1, Olivia Toksarka2, Gregory S. Schultz3
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada; 3University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

P44.

Development of a non-invasive systemic urinary microRNA biomarker to predict clinical healing in diabetic foot ulcers: A pilot study of the Diabetic Foot Consortium
Sophie M. Bilik1, Lindsey Siegfried1, Clement N. David3, Vivien Chen1, David S. Margolis2, Irena Pastar1, Marjana Tomic-Canic1, Rivka C. Stone*1
1Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL; 2Departments of Dermatology & Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; 3Bruker Spatial Biology Inc., Seattle, WA

P45.

WITHDRAWN

P46.

LONG-TERM ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC CHANGES IN ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX
Jun Ho Lee*1,2
1Plastic Surgery, Yeungnam Universtiy, Dae gu, Korea (the Republic of); 2Dept of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
LONG-TERM ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC CHANGES IN ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX
Jun Ho Lee*1,2
1Plastic Surgery, Yeungnam Universtiy, Dae gu, Korea (the Republic of); 2Dept of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) and is widely used in skin graft and implant-based breast reconstructions. However, long-term changes in the ADM around implants in breast reconstruction have not been established. This study aimed to investigate long-term changes in the ADM covering breast implants using serial ultrasound and histologic evaluations.
The authors evaluated the ultrasound results of 145 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstructions with ADM coverings. The ultrasound results obtained within 18 months of surgery and those obtained 5 years postoperatively were analyzed to determine the change in ADM thickness. For histologic analysis, the ADM was harvested from 30 patients who underwent secondary breast surgery. Histologic features of the ECM and cellular components within the ADM were compared at specific intervals from ADM implantation and the second operation (early ADM group, <18 months; late ADM group, >5 years postoperatively).
The ADM thickness on ultrasound examination was significantly decreased in the late ADM group compared with that in the early ADM group (P < 0.001). Histologic analyses revealed that the late ADM group had less thickness with lower ECM levels versus the early ADM group. Increased infiltration of host cells, such as vascular endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and immune cells, occurred in the late ADM group.
Implanted ADMs underwent gradual thinning over time, in addition to ECM reduction and infiltration of host cells. These findings are useful in understanding the natural course of ADMs currently used in implant-based breast reconstructions.

P47.

Advanced Secondary Intention Healing for Complex Soft Tissue Defects Using Reprocessed Micronized Acellular Dermal Matrix (mADM)
Jun Ho Lee*1,2
1Plastic Surgery, Yeungnam Universtiy, Dae gu, Korea (the Republic of); 2Dept of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
Advanced Secondary Intention Healing for Complex Soft Tissue Defects Using Reprocessed Micronized Acellular Dermal Matrix (mADM)
Hwanjun Choi*, Hyun Kim
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University CHEONAN Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)

Complex skin and soft tissue defects pose significant challenges in wound management. Secondary intention healing, facilitated by advanced wound therapies like acellular dermal matrices (ADMs), offers an alternative when surgical options are infeasible. ADMs, traditionally used in skin grafts, now serve as standalone dressing agents promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing. The reprocessed micronized acellular dermal matrix (mADM), such as CGderm Matrix®, has shown promise in enhancing wound healing through its enriched extracellular matrix (ECM) components.
This retrospective study included 26 patients treated with sheet-type reprocessed mADM between August 2022 and December 2022 at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital. Patients with full-thickness skin defects classified as complex wounds were included, while those receiving other ADM treatments or surgical interventions were excluded. Data on demographics, wound characteristics, and treatment outcomes were collected and analyzed. Wound area measurements were performed using ImageJ software, and statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS.
The application of mADM resulted in a median wound area reduction of 81.35%, demonstrating significant efficacy in wound healing. Most patients presented with compromised vascular supply, significant tissue loss, or infections that precluded conventional surgical interventions. No statistically significant correlations were found between patient variables and wound healing outcomes, indicating the complex nature of wound healing.
mADM effectively promotes secondary intention healing by providing a supportive ECM scaffold that enhances epithelization and angiogenesis. Its rapid absorption, ease of handling, and ability to improve wound tensile strength make it particularly suitable for complex wound cases. The study underscores the potential of mADM in modern wound care management, despite limitations such as retrospective design and small sample size. Further research with larger, controlled studies is warranted to optimize mADM application and fully understand its clinical benefits.

P48.

Hyaluronic acid based tissue derived extracellular matrix scaffold in wound healing
YOUNG-JOON JUN*1,2
1plastic surgery, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Other, Korea (the Republic of); 2The Korean wound management socisty, SEOUL, Korea (the Republic of)
Hyaluronic acid based tissue derived extracellular matrix scaffold in wound healing
YOUNG-JOON JUN*1,2
1plastic surgery, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Other, Korea (the Republic of); 2The Korean wound management socisty, SEOUL, Korea (the Republic of)

Adipose tissue is considered the most accessible and optimal source of extracellular matrix (ECM) products in clinical settings. We evaluated the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived ECM (adECM) sheets as a wound dressing material. To enhance healing potential and cost-effectiveness, we modified adECM sheets by adjusting ECM concentration and incorporating crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) Adipose tissue was obtained from healthy donors, processed, and casted into ECM sheets.
Crosslinked HA was added to create ECM-HA sheets (Scaffiller, Medikan, Korea). In vitro analysis involved seeding adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) onto porous ECM-HA sheets and evaluating cell survival rate and cytokine array after 3 days. In vivo efficacy, applying ECM-HA sheets to full-thickness wounds in a rat model, with HA-based dressing and adECM sheets as control groups. Re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were examined through histopathological examinations, while immunohistochemistry was used to wound healing.
The extracted ECM components accounted for approximately 5% of the original tissue volume, with ECM-HA sheet production efficiency being six times higher than adECM sheet. In vitro analysis revealed favorable ASC survival rates and increased angiogenetic and bioactive cytokine levels in ECM-HA sheet. Macroscopic evaluation showed enhanced healing rates, while histological analysis demonstrated improved epithelialization, thicker dermis, increased collagen deposition, and enhanced vascularity in the ECM-HA group.
Our study successfully fabricated ECM-HA sheets incorporating adECM and HA, hold promise as scaffolds for adipose-derived stem cells, showcasing significant therapeutic potential for wound healing applications.

P49.

COMPARING THE INTEGUMENTARY FASCIA BETWEEN RODENTS AND HUMANS
Adrian Rodrigues, Anmar Abu-Romman, Thomas Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong*, Robert Galiano
Northwestern University, Wilmette, IL
COMPARING THE INTEGUMENTARY FASCIA BETWEEN RODENTS AND HUMANS
Adrian Rodrigues, Anmar Abu-Romman, Thomas Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong*, Robert Galiano
Northwestern University, Wilmette, IL

Emerging evidence indicates that the connective tissue beneath the skin plays a crucial role in wound healing processes. Research on animal models suggests that specific fibroblasts can activate the fascial matrix, whereby such cells support the movement of critical biological components like blood vessels, immune cells, and nerves to injured areas.
Here, we investigated the integumentary fascia by examining its anatomical location and variations across mice, rats, and human subjects, and provide a comparative analysis of fascial structures between species. We also highlight the complexities of identifying precise fascial layers during skin surgery in rodents.
The analysis uncovers notable differences in fascial composition. Specifically, mice and rats demonstrated unique characteristics in their stratum fibrosum, while human fascia presents distinct layered structures, including Scarpa’s and Camper’s fascia.
Understanding these inter-species variations is critical for both researchers and medical professionals. These differences significantly impact experimental design, data interpretation, and surgical approaches. By developing a more comprehensive understanding of fascial structures in rodents and humans, researchers can enhance study methodologies and further explore whether fascia actually plays a role in wound healing.

P50.

Impact of Hyaluronic Acid Binding Peptides in Collagen Remodeling by Neonatal, Adult and Keloid Fibroblasts
Vanessa C. Smith*, Steve Smith, Tugba Ozdemir
Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Fountain Valley, CA
Impact of Hyaluronic Acid Binding Peptides in Collagen Remodeling by Neonatal, Adult and Keloid Fibroblasts
Vanessa C. Smith*, Steve Smith, Tugba Ozdemir
Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Fountain Valley, CA

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is an integral part of the ECM and is known to play synergistic roles alongside collagen towards achieving the correct skin architecture. Neonatal, adult, and keloid skin architecture differs significantly from each other, primarily due to the interplay between HA and collagen. HA binding peptides (HABPs) are unique peptide sequences shown to modulate the presence, amount, and organization of HA in biomaterial constructs. Increased and HMW HA is a hallmark of healthy skin with basket weave collagen organization. We hypothesize that by introducing HABPs to the environment, we can modulate collagen organization by dermal fibroblasts through elevated HA deposition. The remodeling would correlate with the type of fibroblast origin such as neonatal, adult, or keloid. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of HABPs in collagen remodeling by fibroblasts in health and disease and to develop tailored biomaterials by precisely utilizing the novel HABPs.
Preparing Collagen Gels: The gels were created with PBS, Bovine Col1 Solution, NaOH, and either diH2O, HABP, or Scr-HABP. Cell Culturing: ahDF and nhDF were obtained from ATCC and used within passages 1-15. Cells were cultured in an animal-free medium obtained from ATCC. For cell encapsulation, cells were trypsinized and encapsulated in Col1 gels at a 10k cells/250 痞 gel precursor density. Fluorescent Labeling: Cells were labeled using ActinGreen 488 and NucBlue following procedures provided by the supplier. 2-photon, SHG, and Confocal Imaging: Olympus 2PEF was used to capture the fluorescence of the fibroblasts based on the immunostaining and the SHG signal from the Col1 fibers. Leica confocal microscope was also used to capture Col1 total reflection of the gels.
The z-stack images made using Max Intensity in Fiji ImageJ, were analyzed in CT-Fire to characterize individual Col1 fibers. Initial results indicate a stronger remodeling ability of Col1 in the samples with the Scr-HABP. In both the ahDF and no cell conditions, the Scr-HABP seems to result in straighter fibers. The Col1 fibers reacted differently from controls in the HABP and Scr-HABP solutions, producing thinner and shorter fibers compared to the controls. Ongoing experiments will shed light on how keloid fibroblast remodel collagen gels supplemented with HABPs.
From this preliminary study, the distinct characteristics in both ahDFs and nhDFs environments indicate that there is a unique interaction with Col1 fibers that can be compared using both fibroblast types. When analyzing the angle variation of Col1 fibers in HABP, it was observed that the ahDFs are more organized and the nhDFs are less organized. This is indicative of scarring Col1 being more organized and aligned in a more parallel arrangement. We are working on conducting triplicates of the collagen gel analysis; there is a plan to measure mechanical changes through a Col1 gel contraction assay and analyze the cell morphology in ahDF, nhDF, and khDFs.

P51.

Modulation of TGF-β Expression by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Modulation of TGF-β Expression by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and fibrosis following radiation exposure. Elevated TGF-? levels post-irradiation contribute to excessive collagen deposition, tissue stiffening, and impaired wound healing, ultimately leading to fibrosis. Targeting TGF-? expression offers a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing fibrotic complications in irradiated skin. Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, has demonstrated anti-fibrotic properties in various tissues by downregulating TGF-? signaling. In this study, we evaluated the ability of topical metformin to modulate TGF-? expression in human skin following X-ray irradiation.
Skin flaps maintained on an ex vivo perfusion system were exposed to 10 Gy of X-ray radiation and divided into three groups: irradiation only, irradiation with a control cream, and irradiation with metformin cream. Biopsies were collected at days 2, 7, 11, and 13, and TGF-? expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry.
Our results showed a significant reduction in TGF-? expression in metformin-treated skin compared to untreated irradiated skin, with the most pronounced effects observed at days 11 and 13. This reduction correlated with improved tissue architecture and decreased collagen deposition, suggesting that metformin effectively attenuates radiation-induced fibrosis by modulating TGF-? signaling
In conclusion, metformin demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing radiation-induced fibrosis by downregulating TGF-? expression, offering a novel approach for managing fibrotic complications in irradiated skin.

P52.

Preservation of Skin Thickness and Area by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Ex Vivo Skin Model
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Preservation of Skin Thickness and Area by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Ex Vivo Skin Model
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Radiation-induced skin atrophy, characterized by reduced thickness, compromised barrier function, and loss of surface area, is a well-documented consequence of high-dose ionizing radiation exposure. These morphological changes weaken the skin’s structural integrity, hinder wound healing, and increase susceptibility to secondary injuries and infections. Developing effective interventions to preserve skin morphology and function post-radiation exposure is crucial for maintaining tissue viability and promoting recovery. Metformin, primarily known for its role in managing type 2 diabetes, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and tissue-preserving properties, making it a promising candidate for mitigating radiation-induced skin atrophy. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of topical metformin on skin morphology following X-ray exposure.
Human skin flaps maintained on an ex vivo perfusion system were exposed to 10 Gy of X-ray radiation and divided into three groups: irradiation only, irradiation with a control cream, and irradiation with metformin cream. Biopsies were collected at days 2, 7, 11, and 13 post-irradiation, and skin thickness and surface area were measured through histological analysis and image quantification.
Our findings revealed that metformin-treated skin maintained significantly greater thickness and surface area compared to untreated irradiated skin, particularly at later time points. While untreated skin exhibited progressive thinning and contraction over time, metformin treatment preserved epidermal and dermal integrity and reduced radiation-induced atrophy. These protective effects are likely mediated by metformin’s anti-inflammatory properties, which help minimize tissue degradation and promote extracellular matrix stability.
In conclusion, topical metformin effectively preserves skin thickness and surface area following radiation exposure, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for maintaining skin integrity and function in clinical settings. This intervention could benefit patients undergoing radiotherapy and those exposed to accidental radiation by mitigating skin atrophy and supporting the healing process.

P53.

Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in alginate and hyaluronic acid (ALG–HA) bead system to promote wound healing in punch-induced wound rat model
Hyun Kim, Hwanjun Choi*
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University CHEONAN Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)
Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in alginate and hyaluronic acid (ALG–HA) bead system to promote wound healing in punch-induced wound rat model
Hyun Kim, Hwanjun Choi*
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University CHEONAN Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)

Wounds with compromised vascularity and hypoxia may be healed with the additional growth factor to promote vascularity. Among the different angiogenic growthfactors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial and important candidate.
To address this issue, a combination of two different polymers, alginate (ALG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in 80:20 ratio composition is used to optimize the bead systemalong with the 5 IU heparin (Hep) by crosslinking into calcium chloride (CaCl2). Encapsulation of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the bead system shows delayedcumulative release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS).
For in vitro studies, ALG?HA/VEGF150 improves endothelial Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression markers inCPAE cells. In vivo evaluation of the bead system shows around 68 % of wound closure 2 weeks post-implantation in 8 mm punch wound models. The treatment group showsdecreased epithelial gap between the ends of the wound and neo-epidermal regeneration.
The objective of our study is to fabricate a dual polymer bead system for wound dressing that can be degraded in 5 to 6 days; the beads could be slowly releasingVEGF growth factor and to investigate the effect of VEGF incorporation into the bead system to improve wound healing. From clinical aspects, our bead system might be reducingpain and lowering dressing cost for the patient and convenience for the healthcare provider in future.

P54.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Loaded Alginate-Hyaluronic Acid (AlgHA) Microbeads System for Wound Healing
Hwanjun Choi*, Hyun Kim
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University CHEONAN Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Loaded Alginate-Hyaluronic Acid (AlgHA) Microbeads System for Wound Healing
Hwanjun Choi*, Hyun Kim
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University CHEONAN Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)

The management of skin injuries is one of the most common concerns in medical facilities. Different types of biomaterials with effective wound-healing characteristics have been studied previously.
In this study, we used alginate (Alg) and hyaluronic acid (HA) composite (80:20) beads for the sustained release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) delivery. Heparin crosslinked AlgHA beads showed significant loading and entrapment of EGF.
Encapsulated beads demonstrated biocompatibility with rat L929 cells and significant migration at the concentration of AlgHAEGF100 and
AlgHAEGF150 within 24 h. Both groups significantly improved the expression of Fetal Liver Kinase 1 (FLK-1) along with the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in rat bone Mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs). In vivo assessment exhibited significant epithelialization and wound closure gaps within 2 weeks. Immunohistochemistry shows markedly significant levels of ICAM-1, FLK-1, and fibronectin (FN) in the AlgHAEGF100 and AlgHAEGF150 groups.
Hence, we conclude that the EGF-loaded alginate-hyaluronic acid (AlgHA) bead system can be used to promote wound healing.

P55.

ISCHEMIC EXCISIONAL SKIN WOUNDS COUPLED WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION
Adrian Rodrigues, David Dolivo, Chun Hou, Yingxing Li, Lauren Sun, Thomas Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong*, Robert Galiano
Northwestern University, Wilmette, IL
ISCHEMIC EXCISIONAL SKIN WOUNDS COUPLED WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION
Adrian Rodrigues, David Dolivo, Chun Hou, Yingxing Li, Lauren Sun, Thomas Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong*, Robert Galiano
Northwestern University, Wilmette, IL

Cutaneous and soft tissue injury represent vulnerable interfaces susceptible to microbial colonization, with pathogenic invasion proportionally correlated to compromised tissue perfusion dynamics such as ischemia. Thus, the hemodynamic insufficiency of wound environments significantly modulates the potential for bacterial proliferation, particularly in scenarios involving Staphylococcus aureus — a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen known for its capacity to exploit compromised tissue microenvironments and escalate infection severity under conditions of reduced arterial perfusion.
This study employed a rabbit-ear dermal wound to systematically interrogate the physiological consequences of localized tissue hypoperfusion on wound repair. Initially, we characterized wound healing under partial ischemic conditions in an uninfected state. Subsequently, we introduced methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) into the ischemic wounds and established a comparative injury with MSSA-contaminated wounds experiencing normal arterial perfusion. We then concluded with testing potential different healing responses between MSSA and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, both specifically challenged with arterial hypoperfusion.
The data suggest that partial ischemia considerably reduces healing of non-infected wounds (epithelial gap P=****, granulation gap P=***, and granulation area P=****). Similarly, partial ischemic wounds coupled with MSSA infection display healing impairments against likewise-infected wounds healing under normal perfusion (epithelial gap P=*, granulation gap P=*, and granulation area P=**). No significant differences were observed between MSSA-infected and MRSA-infected wounds healing under a poorly perfused state.
The findings demonstrate statistically significant disparities in wound healing across ischemic states and Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic interactions. Although the deleterious impacts of compromised tissue perfusion and microbial invasion on wound healing have been theoretically established, this investigation provides an empirical quantification of the magnitude these pathologies can play in healing. The resultant data establishes a comprehensive metrical framework for comparative clinical assessment, offering insights into the dynamics that modulate wound repair under infectious and ischemic conditions.

P56.

ROBUST BIOFILM DETECTION IN HUMAN CHRONIC WOUND TISSUE EMPLOYING MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
Fabio Muniz De Oliveira*, Surabhi Singh, Pradipta Banerjee, Piya DasGhatak, Chandan K. Sen, Sashwati Roy
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh , PA
ROBUST BIOFILM DETECTION IN HUMAN CHRONIC WOUND TISSUE EMPLOYING MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
Fabio Muniz De Oliveira*, Surabhi Singh, Pradipta Banerjee, Piya DasGhatak, Chandan K. Sen, Sashwati Roy
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh , PA

Chronic wound biofilm infection (BFI) complicates healing, thus elevating the risk of amputation, sepsis, and death. Developing specific and sensitive clinical BFI assessment tools is of critical significance. RT-PCR is commonly used in clinical diagnostics. In deciding the diagnostic panel of genes to detect BFI, it is not enough to select biofilm-specific genes, and such candidates are known to change based on the biofilm microenvironment, e.g., abiotic versus immune-supported wound in vivo. To identify BFI-diagnosing candidate gene panel relevant to the wound in vivo, microbial bulk RNA sequencing was performed using immune-competent porcine BFI-wound versus biofilm on abiotic surfaces.
Global transcriptional profiling studies were performed in biofilm formed by two isogenic transposon mutants of Staphylococcus aureus: ?rexB (hyperbiofilm) and ?sarA (hypobiofilm). Both mutants were exposed to identical conditions in vitro (abiotic static biofilm model) and in vivo (preclinical porcine model) to identify microbial transcript signatures associated with BFI (n=4). Parallelly, we identified microbial transcript signatures from clinical chronic wound tissues (n=8). To gain insight into the spatial information on BFI in wound tissue, we developed a method integrating bacteria-specific PNA-FISH probes with BiofilmQ software to quantify biofilms.
Transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus mutants unveiled unique (abiotic versus porcine preclinical) transcript patterns that are uniquely associated with BFI (FDR p<0.05; FC ? 2; n=4). Notably, 20 genes were uniquely expressed in the in vivo wound environment and 18 genes consistently showed differential expression across biofilm conditions (FDR p<0.05; FC ? 2). Leveraging these biofilm-specific transcript panel signatures, BFI phenotypes of the clinical isolates from chronic wounds were successfully graded as low or high BFI. The S. aureus-specific PNA-FISH probes could detect S. aureus infections in wound tissue and display the structures of biofilms in the spatial context of the wound. Combined with BiofilmQ analysis, the biofilm abundance was quantified precisely in porcine and clinical chronic wound tissues. This molecular-based approach enabled us to robustly monitor the progression of BFI in clinical chronic wounds over successive visits.
This work demonstrates that the bacterial gene expression profiles during BFI are distinct in an in vivo environment as compared to abiotic surfaces, indicating that the host immune-supported wound environment plays a crucial role in shaping wound tissue BFI. Such information is critical and should be considered while designing BFI diagnostic panels utilizing transcript-based molecular approaches. Integrating transcript panel methods with quantitative molecular imaging offers a powerful approach for BFI diagnostics in chronic wounds.

P57.

JUMPSTARTING CHRONIC WOUND HEALING USING TOPICAL ANTIBIOTIC COMPOUNDS INFORMED BY NGS MICROBIAL PROFILING: A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MIXED ETIOLOGY PERSISTENT WOUNDS
Craig Tipton*2, Lori Johnson3, Caleb Phillips1, Drue Orwig3
1Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX; 2RTL Genomics, MicroGen DX, Lubbock, TX; 3Corewell Health West, Grand Rapids, MI
JUMPSTARTING CHRONIC WOUND HEALING USING TOPICAL ANTIBIOTIC COMPOUNDS INFORMED BY NGS MICROBIAL PROFILING: A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MIXED ETIOLOGY PERSISTENT WOUNDS
Craig Tipton*2, Lori Johnson3, Caleb Phillips1, Drue Orwig3
1Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX; 2RTL Genomics, MicroGen DX, Lubbock, TX; 3Corewell Health West, Grand Rapids, MI

Chronic wound healing remains a significant challenge and up to 78% of chronic wounds are estimated to contain biofilm which delays healing. Biofilm-based wound care hypothesizes that microbial burden must be managed for wounds to heal and avoid the worst complications of a chronic wound. Prior work has established that disrupting the wound microbiome may encourage healing, including the use of topical antibiotics. The primary objective of this retrospective analysis was to quantify the healing rates of difficult-to-heal wounds with an applied topical antibiotic compound based on the microbiome, quantified by next generation sequencing (NGS).
A single-center retrospective chart review was performed to quantify the healing rates of chronic wounds treated with topical antibiotic lipid-based compounds informed by NGS. All patients receiving NGS guided topical antibiotics failed to show improvement after at least one other intervention, including topical antiseptics, topical antibiotics, and other wound products. Other standard practices such as debridement, compression, off-loading, nutritional support, and arterial and venous optimization followed institutional guidelines. Wounds were swabbed for microbial profiling through a validated Laboratory Developed Test service and then started on a topical antibiotic mixed with lipogel selected based on the microbial results. Wound area measurements were compared at 4-week intervals from approximately 8 weeks prior to starting treatment through 20 weeks after. Percent area reduction (PAR) was calculated using the treatment start date as the reference measurement. Baseline microbial profiles were compared against 20-week outcomes.
Following chart review, fifteen patients with 19 unique wounds were identified who started the NGS guided topical antibiotic treatment between July 2021 and January 2024. Wounds were mixed etiology, with venous stasis ulcers (74%) being the most common and were present for 2.1 years on average (Q1=0.6 years, Q3= 3.0 yrs) prior to initiating NGS guided therapy. By 20 weeks, 21% of wounds achieved complete healing and 84% had greater than 60% PAR, though significant PAR was observed as early as 4 weeks (p<0.001). There was no consistent change in wound PAR prior to starting NGS guided therapy (p>0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was overrepresented among wounds healing within 20 weeks, whereas persisting wounds were more diverse with greater abundance of Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium.
Most patients in this retrospective series saw significant improvement or healed completely using a topical NGS-guided antibiotic regimen, consistent with prior literature. Our retrospective analysis supports the use of topical antibiotic treatment informed by molecular diagnostics to heal persistent nonhealing wounds and provides valuable preliminary data for use in planning a more stringent randomized controlled trial.

P58.

METAGENOMICS NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING DIFFERENTIATES INFECTED VERSUS NON-INFECTED DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS
Brian M. Schmidt*1, Yiyuan Huang2, Crystal Holmes1, Piyush Ranjan1, John Erb-Downard1, Mousumi Banerjee2, Rodica Pop-Busiu3, Robert Dickson1
1Internal Medicine , University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; 2Biostatistics, Unversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; 3Metabolism, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR
METAGENOMICS NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING DIFFERENTIATES INFECTED VERSUS NON-INFECTED DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS
Brian M. Schmidt*1, Yiyuan Huang2, Crystal Holmes1, Piyush Ranjan1, John Erb-Downard1, Mousumi Banerjee2, Rodica Pop-Busiu3, Robert Dickson1
1Internal Medicine , University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; 2Biostatistics, Unversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; 3Metabolism, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR

Clinical options to identify diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infection, which constitute the most frequent diabetes-related cause of hospitalization, remain limited. This study was undertaken to determine if the use of metagenomics next generation sequencing to quantify microbial presence in DFU infection, by means of calculating microbial relative abundance, is an effective strategy to identify infection and predict outcomes.
Prospective longitudinal evaluation of individuals who had a DFU upon enrollment in the NIDDK Diabetic Foot Consortium’s Biomarkers for Active Diabetic Foot Ulcer protocol (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT06104969) and followed for 12 weeks or until a wound healing outcome occurred. Next generation sequencing data derived from non-swabbed deep tissue cultures after wound debridement from non-infected and infected participants upon enrollment were analyzed. We extracted patient demographic, clinical, imaging, culture, and histology data and used regression modeling to evaluate associations between genomic culture data and clinical outcomes.
A total of 103 participants were recruited for participation in this study and were followed for 12 weeks or completed early due to a wound healing outcome. Among these, 14 (14%) were enrolled with an IDSA clinically classified infection. Infection developed in 18 (20.2%) of these DFU and 71 (79.8%) did not show any infection. Overall, 35 individuals (34.0%) reached a wound healing outcome. Participant demographics and clinical characteristics were similar amongst groups. Using next generation sequencing techniques, the most abundant organism was similar in relative abundance between infected and non-infected participants (p=0.10). Despite this, the relative abundance of Gram-positive organisms was higher in the infected DFU versus the non-infected DFU (76.6% v. 56.7%, p=0.03). In addition, fungi were more commonly identified in infected foot ulcers (p<0.001). No other microbial difference was appreciated between the cohorts.
In this cohort managed according to current standards of care in a tertiary center, the DFU infection prevalence was 14% at enrollment with an additional 20% of individuals developing a clinically diagnosed infection during study. The infected participants had higher Gram-positive bacterial and fungi relative abundances at baseline, and this was distinct from individuals without infection. This method supports the use of next generation sequencing to quantify and identify infection in diabetic foot ulcer.

P59.

Inflammatory Response and Tissue Remodeling in Ex Vivo Human Skin Perfusion Model Following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure
NARESH MAHAJAN*, Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez,, Samantha Bosco, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffery Gusenoff, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz
PLASTIC SURGERY, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, Pittsburgh, PA
Inflammatory Response and Tissue Remodeling in Ex Vivo Human Skin Perfusion Model Following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure
NARESH MAHAJAN*, Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez,, Samantha Bosco, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffery Gusenoff, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz
PLASTIC SURGERY, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, Pittsburgh, PA

Nitrogen mustard (NM), a potent alkylating agent, induces severe cutaneous injury characterized by inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and structural damage. Despite its well-known effects as a vesicant, the dynamics of inflammation and tissue remodeling in human skin remain poorly understood, particularly over extended time points and varying concentrations. This study leverages an ex vivo human skin perfusion system to evaluate the inflammatory and structural changes induced by NM exposure at different concentrations. We hypothesize that NM induces dose-dependent tissue damage and inflammation, with distinct morphological changes over time.
Full-thickness human skin flap was perfused ex vivo and exposed to nitrogen mustard at concentrations of 10 mg/cm2, 30 mg/cm2, and 60 mg/cm2. Vehicle control (acetone:PBS) and untreated control groups were included for comparison. Biopsies were collected at 0, 2, 6, 24, 125, 200, and 250 hours post-exposure. Histological assessment was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining to evaluate epidermal and dermal architecture, cellular infiltration, and tissue integrity. Toluidine Blue staining was utilized to identify mast cells and other infiltrating immune cells, providing insights into the inflammatory response.
H&E staining revealed significant epidermal and dermal alterations in NM-treated skin, with dose-dependent epidermal thinning, dermal separation, and cellular infiltration. At 2 and 6 hours post-exposure, all NM-treated groups exhibited acute inflammatory changes, including increased cellular density in the dermis. By 24 hours, the extent of immune cells was more pronounced in the 30 mg/cm2 and 60 mg/cm2 groups in comparison to the control group and vehicle group. Toluidine Blue staining confirmed the presence of infiltrating immune cells, with peak mast cell degranulation observed between 2 and 125 hours. In contrast, the vehicle and untreated control groups displayed intact epidermal layers and minimal cellular infiltration. At later time points (200 and 250 hours), lower concentrations (10 mg/cm2) showed signs of tissue recovery, whereas higher concentrations (60 mg/cm2) exhibited persistent inflammation, and loss of normal skin architecture.
Nitrogen mustard exposure induces a concentration-dependent inflammatory response and structural damage in ex vivo human skin. The histological changes observed highlight the utility of this model in studying chemical-induced skin injury and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions. This platform offers a robust system for understanding tissue remodeling and the prolonged effects of chemical agents on human skin.

P60.

Reduction of Apoptosis by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin: A TUNEL Assay Study
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Reduction of Apoptosis by Metformin in X-Ray-Irradiated Human Skin: A TUNEL Assay Study
Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, Naresh Mahajan, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Juan J. Andrade Rojas, Aniekanabasi Ufot, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey A. Gusenoff, Samantha Bosco, J. Peter Rubin, Asim Ejaz.
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, is a critical response to ionizing radiation and a major contributor to tissue damage and cell loss in irradiated skin. Excessive apoptosis compromises skin viability, impairs wound healing, and increases the risk of secondary infections. Therefore, limiting apoptosis is essential for preserving tissue function and promoting recovery after radiation exposure. Metformin, through its activation of AMPK and reduction of mitochondrial dysfunction, has demonstrated anti-apoptotic properties in various tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical metformin on apoptosis in X-ray-irradiated human skin.
Skin flaps on an ex vivo perfusion system were exposed to 10 Gy of X-ray radiation and divided into three groups: irradiation only, irradiation with a control cream, and irradiation with metformin cream. Biopsies were collected at days 2, 7, 11, and 13, and apoptotic activity was assessed using TUNEL staining.
Our findings revealed a significant reduction in TUNEL-positive cells in metformin-treated skin compared to untreated irradiated skin across all time points. This reduction was particularly pronounced at later stages, indicating that metformin not only limits acute apoptosis but also supports long-term tissue viability.
In conclusion, metformin effectively reduces radiation-induced apoptosis, preserving skin integrity and promoting recovery. These findings highlight metformin’s potential as a radioprotective agent with clinical applications in reducing radiation-induced skin damage and enhancing tissue repair.

P61.

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: Understanding the role of collagen in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during wound repair.
Naresh Mahajan, Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Samantha Bosco, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey Gusenoff, J. Peter Rubin, Asim
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Collagen and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: Understanding the role of collagen in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during wound repair.
Naresh Mahajan, Alexa Rivera del Rio Hernandez, José A. Arellano, Fuat Baris Bengur, Shawn Loder, Ethan Banks, Samantha Bosco, Francesco M. Egro, Jeffrey Gusenoff, J. Peter Rubin, Asim
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Wound healing is a complex biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, tissue proliferation, and remodeling, which ultimately restores skin integrity. Immune cell recruitment to the site of injury is crucial for initiating inflammation, controlling infection, and facilitating tissue repair. Collagen, a vital extracellular matrix (ECM) component, plays a key role in wound healing by providing structural support and influencing cellular behavior and immune response. While collagen’s potential to enhance tissue repair is well-documented, its role in immune cell infiltration during wound healing remains less explored. This study investigates the impact of collagen powder on immune cell recruitment and wound healing using an ex vivo human skin model.
Human skin flaps were maintained on a perfusion system to simulate in vivo conditions and subjected to controlled wound creation using a dermatome. Three experimental groups were established: (1) Injury + Graft Only: epidermal graft without collagen treatment, (2) Injury + Graft + Collagen: epidermal graft with collagen powder applied to the wound bed before graft placement, and (3) Control: no injury or grafting. Wound sites were bandaged and left undisturbed for 10 days. Biopsies were then taken for histological analysis and RNA extraction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to evaluate immune cell infiltration and tissue integration.
Preliminary histological analysis showed a significant increase in immune cell infiltration in the Injury + Graft + Collagen group compared to the Injury + Graft Only group. Collagen powder enhanced immune cell recruitment and integration, potentially promoting more effective wound healing. The control group, as expected, showed no immune cell infiltration due to the lack of injury. These findings highlight collagen powder’s ability to modulate the immune response and accelerate wound closure. RNA analysis, currently ongoing, will provide further insights into gene expression related to inflammation, ECM remodeling, and immune responses at the site of injury.
Collagen powder appears to enhance immune cell infiltration and promote graft integration in wound healing, suggesting its potential for clinical applications in wound management. This approach may accelerate healing in skin injuries by modulating the immune response. The ongoing RNA analysis will offer deeper molecular insights into the pathways through which collagen influences immune cell behavior and tissue repair, further supporting its therapeutic value in wound care.

P62.

WITHDRAWN

P63.

Beyond Foam: improved Healing with an Innovative Silver Impregnated Silicone Super Absorbent Dressing
Alison Garten2, Caitlin Crews-Stowe*1
1Health and Human Performance , University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN; 2Charlotte Limb Preservation and Diabetic Foot Center, Charlotte, NC
Beyond Foam: improved Healing with an Innovative Silver Impregnated Silicone Super Absorbent Dressing
Alison Garten2, Caitlin Crews-Stowe*1
1Health and Human Performance , University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN; 2Charlotte Limb Preservation and Diabetic Foot Center, Charlotte, NC

A 71-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of a traumatic wound after bumping her leg. The patient received initial treatment in the emergency department with an antimicrobial cream, compression foam dressing, and oral antibiotics, but was experiencing continued wound irritation, peri-wound maceration, and slow wound healing. Her past medical history included current tobacco use, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and chronic venous insufficiency. The purpose of this case study was to explore the use of a silver-impregnated silicone super absorbent dressing to promote healing of a traumatic wound in a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and who also developed a potential hypersensitivity to foams.
Initial treatment included debridement of the wound, antimicrobial cream, a foam dressing, and a compression sleeve. The treatment used for the next several weeks was an enzymatic debriding agent to assist in removing non-viable tissue, foam, and compression. There was initial improvement in the wound, but approximately five weeks into the patient’s care, the patient started to develop a peri-wound irritation and fragility of the surrounding skin. The decision was made to change dressings to a silicone-based super absorbent dressing containing a 1% silver compound.
There was significant reduction in wound irritation that was caused by the first wound care method, which was resolved by switching to the silicone-based super absorbent dressing containing a 1% silver compound. In addition to a reduction in irritation and maceration, the wound progressed in healing. The patient and provider also reported satisfaction regarding dressing application, wound irritation, and overall wound improvement with the addition of the silver super absorbent dressing.
The silver-impregnated super absorbent dressing resulted in a resolution of the wound irritation and significant progress in wound healing was seen. It is recommended to continue to test this product on additional patients, especially those experiencing delayed healing, skin irritation, or maceration from foam to see if these results can be repeated.

P64.

Concomitant HBO and Retention-Processed (RE-AC) Placental Grafts for DFU
John Dorsky*
Surgery, Hillcrest Hospital, Shaker Heights, OH
Concomitant HBO and Retention-Processed (RE-AC) Placental Grafts for DFU
John Dorsky*
Surgery, Hillcrest Hospital, Shaker Heights, OH

Diabetes has become a very prevalent disease in the United States. Up to 39% of diabetic patients will develop a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), with about 1.6 million DFUs treated each year. These wounds are very susceptible to infection with 20% of these infections leading to amputation. Sadly, the 5-year morbidity of lower limb amputees is over 80%. Additionally, amputations can have a serious economic impact due to increased expenditures on surgery, post operative care, prosthetics, rehabilitation, etc. It is imperative to treat DFUs with an aggressive approach to aid in quicker healing, avoid amputation and unnecessary costs. A combination of placental membrane grafts as wound coverings with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapies is an example of such an aggressive approach. This case report follows a patient treated with HBO and retention-processed full-thickness amnion/chorion (RE-AC) placental grafts resulting in healing of a difficult chronic wound.
A 72-year-old, male patient with a past medical history of obesity (BMI=42.1), Type 2 Diabetes, lymphedema with extensive dermatosclerosis, non-compliant OSA with pulmonary hypertension developed a R heel ulcer. During and after hospitalization, the patient underwent multiple debridements and 4 artificial grafts, with no success. The patient was started on a novel approach of HBO therapy and RE-AC placental grafts. HBO dives were 5 days a week and dressing changes were completed daily. It is important to note this patient had significant drainage due to his lymphedema.
The treatment was concluded after 44 total HBO therapies and 3 RE-AC placements, resulting in complete re- epithelialization of a chronic wound that had failed 3 months of alternative treatment.
In the case presented, the patient had a grouping of comorbid factors that made his DFU very difficult to heal. Previous attempts by other caregivers had been unsuccessful for several months. The combination of hyperoxygenation of tissues through HBO with growth factors and other mediators in the retention- processed RE-AC placental graft create a wound environment that is highly conducive to healing compromised tissues. In this patient, HBO and RE-AC were very successful in the treatment of this recalcitrant wound.

P65.

Effectiveness of Proheal-wrapped Nasopore for nasal bone fracture surgery
YOUNG-JOON JUN*1,2
1plastic surgery, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Other, Korea (the Republic of); 2The Korean wound management society, SEOUL, Korea (the Republic of)
Effectiveness of Proheal-wrapped Nasopore for nasal bone fracture surgery
YOUNG-JOON JUN*1,2
1plastic surgery, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul, Other, Korea (the Republic of); 2The Korean wound management society, SEOUL, Korea (the Republic of)

In nasal bone fracture surgery, the post-operative packing material can be divided into conventional materials, such as Vaseline gauze that requires removal, and absorbable materials totally degraded and no removal. Nasopore, a biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foam, is the material mainly used as nasal dressing in our institution. Although it has no need for post-operative removal and is easy to handle, it is soft and hydrates quickly, making it difficult to provide sufficient support to maintain the post-reduction status. The aim of this study is to introduce a novel method to improve durability of Nasopore with Proheal.
Instead of packing Nasopore directly into the nasal cavity, we wrapped Nasopore with Proheal, which is a collagen wound dressing material. After reduction of the nasal bone, nasal cavity was packed with nasopore wrapped with proheal, while the non-fractured nasal cavity was packed with proheal rolled up only.
As Proheal help delay the hydration of Nasopore, it improves supportability and maintenance of Nasopore. Additionally, nasal mucosal healing was observed to be faster, indicating a potential positive impact of proheal on the healing process.
The proheal-wrapped nasopore provided sustained support and exhibited a longer-lasting property compared to nasopore alone. Moreover, it contributed to faster nasal mucosal healing. These findings suggest that the application of proheal-wrapped nasopore could be a superior choice in nasal bone fracture surgery, as it offers improved stability and facilitates a quicker recovery. Considering proheal-wrapped nasopore may lead to enhanced surgical outcomes and improved patient recovery.

P66.

Barcoding of small extracellular vesicles with guide RNA enables analysis of gene editing and uptake in tissue repair
Wooil Choi*1, Dong Jun Park1, Valerio Embrione2, Brian P. Eliceiri1,3
1Surgery, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA; 2Stem Cell Genomics and Microscopy Core (SCGM), Sanford Consortium, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA; 3Dermatology, UC San Diego, Sab Diego, CA
Barcoding of small extracellular vesicles with guide RNA enables analysis of gene editing and uptake in tissue repair
Wooil Choi*1, Dong Jun Park1, Valerio Embrione2, Brian P. Eliceiri1,3
1Surgery, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA; 2Stem Cell Genomics and Microscopy Core (SCGM), Sanford Consortium, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA; 3Dermatology, UC San Diego, Sab Diego, CA

The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in promoting tissue repair has been established in animal models of impaired wound healing, however, there is an unmet need to engineer EVs to direct cell type-specific uptake and promote endosomal escape. Since EVs in are efficient nanocarriers of small RNAs, we have focused on the engineering of EV payloads to deliver gene editing payloads in a CRISPR/Cas9 system based on modifications of select tetraspanins like CD63 that we have shown is highly expressed on EVs.
We have engineered CD63 to express an RNA binding peptide sequence (MCP) that facilitates loading of guide RNAs (gRNAs) that express the MCP-binding RNA sequence (MS2). We show that the loading of CD63 engineered EVs with gRNA is dependent on the interactions of MS2 with MCP. Furthermore, we show that with a gRNA designed to target lox sites, we can deliver gRNA-loaded EVs that induce a fluorescent reporter (tdTomato) that is under the control of an upstream lox-STOP codon-lox cassette.
We provide in vitro cell culture imaging and in vivo imaging following systemic and topical treatments to demonstrate gRNA-specific activation in the presence of Cas9 of this reporter in skin and lung using topical treatments and in lung, liver and other organs following intravenous delivery. With these studies demonstrating the capacity for gRNA-loaded EVs to delivery gene editing payloads, we also provide proof-of-principle for how CD63 has been engineered for peptide display of a gRNA barcoded combinatorial library to identify novel mediators of EV uptake and endosomal escape.
Together, this approach is designed to enhance the tropism and specificity of EV therapeutics in wound healing.

P67.

Epidermal Stem Cells Evoke Adipocytes via FABP5/FABP4 plus PPARgamma/HIF-1alpha Balance to Facilitate Healing in Obesity Wound.
Ji LIN*1, Xiao-ning GAO2
1Department of Basic Medicine, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Epidermal Stem Cells Evoke Adipocytes via FABP5/FABP4 plus PPARgamma/HIF-1alpha Balance to Facilitate Healing in Obesity Wound.
Ji LIN*1, Xiao-ning GAO2
1Department of Basic Medicine, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

Wound healing in obesity is impeded for unclear mechanism and predictive indicators. Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs), adipocytes and adipogenesis are crucial in skin structure, metabolism and healing. As EpiSCs and adipocytes secret fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) and FABP4, respectively, and PPARgamma and HIF-1alpha are vital transcriptional factors balancing in adipogenesis, we hypothesize that EpiSCs may interact with adipocytes through FABP5/FABP4 and PPARgamma/HIF-1alpha in obesity wound.
A high fat diet-induced obesity model of Sprague-Dawley rats was established, setting groups of sham-injury (Sham), injury without EpiSCs transplantation (Injury), and injury plus EpiSCs transplantation, then a 6-mm diameter full-thickness excision was developed on the dorsal skin. 1Ũ10^5 epidermal basal stem cells isolated from neonatal mice skin and suspended in 30 ?l 1ŨPBS were injected subcutaneously into each wound in EpiSCs group, as equivalent 1ŨPBS was injected similarly in Sham and Injury groups. Skin wounds were harvested and subjected to histological investigations.
Improved histological healing and repopulated Perilipin A(+) adipocytes were verified in EpiSCs group at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post injury. Skin FABP5/FABP4 ratios determined by immunohistochemistry in EpiSCs group were decreased at 1 day but increased at 7 and 14 days post injury (P<0.05, vs Sham or Injury). Subcutaneous adipose PPARgamma/HIF-1alpha ratio determined by immunohistochemistry in EpiSCs group was lower at 1 day but higher at 7 day post injury (P<0.05, vs Injury), and it display a rising trend yet no significant difference at 3 or 14 days post injury (P>0.05, vs Sham or Injury).
EpiSCs may arouse adipocytes through FABP5/FABP4 and PPARgamma/HIF-1alpha balance, with a potential role of co-regulating subcutaneous adipogenesis, to boost healing in obesity wound.

P68.

How Many Bacteria Could There Be in a Wound?: A Biomath Study
Daniel Gibson
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
How Many Bacteria Could There Be in a Wound?: A Biomath Study
Daniel Gibson
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States


Over the course of many clinical and ex vivo studies, there appears to be a limit to the number of colony forming units grown on skin samples. The purpose of this study was to test a bacterium volume-based mathematical model to explain this empirically observed limit.
Data from an automated serial dilution spiral plating device (dynamic range = 15 log10 CFU) was found to never exceed 12 log10. In seeking to understand this observation, a series of mathematical models were developed to determine the natural limits of bacterial contamination using a variety of space-filling models. The models include: a pure volume model, a maximum density model based on face centered cubic (FCC), and a more conservative model based on random packing. The models were run for both S. aureus as a sphere (d = 1 痠) and P. aeruginosa as a spherocylinder (d = 0.8 痠 x 2.0 痠). Human skin was assumed to be 1.5 mm thick while ex vivo porcine skin as used in current models was 12 mm in diameter by 2.5 mm thick.
The simple calculated volume of the S. aureus was found to be 5.24 x 10-10 mm3, the P. aeruginosa was found to be 6.20 x 10-10 mm3, and the porcine explant was 282.7 mm3. In the simplest model a total of 4.56 x 1011 S. aureus and 5.40 x1011 P. aeruginosa could fill the same volume as the porcine explant. Applying the FCC packing factor of 0.74 and the random factor of 0.64 to the S. aureus reduce the numbers slightly by 0.1 & 0.2 log10 respectively with similar results for P. aeruginosa. Results for human skin modeled as 1.5 mm thickness, there could be up to 2.9 x 109 and 2.4 x 109 CFU of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa for every square millimeter of full thickness skin.
Even the simplest model which does not regard bacterial packing can explain the empirical limits seen in ex vivo and clinical samples. These limits can immediately be used to hone the design of microbiological studies by constraining the requisite dynamic range needed; resulting in less materials and effort. Additionally, there is a continued effort for developing and testing novel antimicrobials. To date, nearly all antimicrobials act via a stoichiometric mechanism. Studies which do not take the quantity of possible bacteria present cannot confidently know whether the dose of their treatment has any reasonable expectation of success. Matching the dose to potential bacterial counts may lead to more effectual treatments in future studies and clinical use.

P69.

The use of Copper-Iodine Complex Solution (CICS) for Surgical Irrigation During Breast Reconstructive Surgery: A Safety Study in 20 Patients with Bilateral Reconstructive Surgeries
Steven J. Kavros
Vascualr Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States
The use of Copper-Iodine Complex Solution (CICS) for Surgical Irrigation During Breast Reconstructive Surgery: A Safety Study in 20 Patients with Bilateral Reconstructive Surgeries
Steven J. Kavros
Vascualr Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States


Breast reconstructive surgery encompasses treatment of patients dealing with cancer and cosmetic goals, with reported infection risk of 2 – 2.5%. In an effort to reduce the risk of breast implant infection and capsular contractures, biofilm formation on the implant is a complicating factor. CICS has demonstrated its capability to kill a broad number of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses without evoking microorganism resistance. The CICS has been proven to be safe, non-cytotoxic, non-pyrogenic, and non-sensitizing to dermal tissue. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate safety of CICS in a 20 patient (40 breast) cohort.
There were 20 patients (40 breasts) that underwent breast implant placement. All patients consented for breast implant placement acknowledging the risk of infection, local and systemic allergic reactions, and capsular contraction. An incision was made in the infra mammary fold or around the nipple areola complex. Following this, the entire dissection was done with electrocautery in a sub muscular plane. The developed pocket was irrigated with CICS, and the implant was immersed in CICS prior to the placement in the pocket. Patients were followed for 6 months and then on a yearly basis.
All 20 patients (40 breast implant surgeries) were followed in a consistent pattern. Generally, patients were seen 3 days, one week, one month, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Local and systemic reactions were monitored to assess biocompatibility. These included irritation of the skin incision, allergic reactions, blistering, burning, skin rash, redness, and swelling. Additionally, patients were evaluated for hematoma and seroma formation in the shorter timeframe and then capsular contraction longer term. There were reported no adverse reactions, including skin reactions, or wound issues, in addition to all the other factors listed above.
Copper-Iodine Complex Solution is a novel, disruptive surgical and wound irrigant that was used in breast reconstruction surgery in 20 patients. There were no adverse reactions in the 20-patient study. CICS has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial killing of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses. Furthermore, it is the only surgical/wound irrigation solution that has antimicrobial persistence for 72-hours. Additionally, CICS is non-cytotoxic and has an excellent safety profile. Further studies concentrating on antimicrobial science and wound healing parameters are forthcoming and warranted.

P70.

The Effect of Copper-lodine Complex Solution on the Killing and Antimicrobial Persistence of two Candida Species (C. albicans and C. auris): An in Vitro Model
Steven J. Kavros
Vascular Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States
The Effect of Copper-lodine Complex Solution on the Killing and Antimicrobial Persistence of two Candida Species (C. albicans and C. auris): An in Vitro Model
Steven J. Kavros
Vascular Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States


Copper-Iodine Irrigation Solution (CICS) is an FDA 510(k) cleared medical device. It is indicated in wound management, cleansing, irrigating, moisturizing, and debriding of acute and chronic dermal lesions that are partial or full thickness wounds. These indications include 1st and 2nd degree burns, stage I–IV pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, stasis ulcers, abrasions and minor skin irritations, post-surgical wounds, grafted and donor sites. This unique Copper-Iodine Complex as a preservative can neutralize a broad number of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, yeast, and fungi without evoking bacterial resistance. The CICS has been proven to be safe, non-cytotoxic, non-pyrogenic, non-irritating, and non-sensitizing to dermal tissue. Yeast infections, such as that produced by Candida spp., are common in chronic wounds and burns. C. albicans-related infection has multiple treatment options, both topical and pharmacological. However, C. auris is an emerging World Health Organization threat with no known pharmacologic treatment course and can lead to morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this in vitro study is to demonstrate the killing effect and antimicrobial persistence of Copper Iodine Irrigation Solution (CICS) on two yeast species.
Each test article (CICS or 1 ppm Lugol’s iodine) was inoculated with ~105 CFU/mL of C. albicans or C. auris. After a 10-minute exposure time (sample 0 mins), samples were neutralized, diluted, and plated. To assess the antimicrobial persistence, the same samples were rechallenged by renoculating~105 CFU/mL of each organism at 10 mins, 2 hours, 5 hours, and 24 hours and neutralized after a 10-minute exposure time
Two tables detailing the results will be presented.
High antimicrobial efficacy (>99.999% or 5 log reduction) of CICS was demonstrated when rechallenged by reinoculations over 24 hours for both C. albicans and C. auris. Compared to 1 ppm Lugol’s iodine which showed loss of activity as soon as 2 hours of exposure.
Copper-Iodine Complex Solution demonstrated an effective kill rate and antifungal persistence in vitro with both C. albicans and C. auris. This has significant implications for acute and chronic wounds, trauma and burns, especially when there is currently no present medicinal treatment for C. auris. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CICS in managing complex penetrating injuries in a far-forward, austere environment would be extremely beneficial. Further studies are warranted to support these findings.

P71.

Understanding Functional and Hemodynamic Outcomes Across Lower Extremity Amputation Levels
Anvitha Madhavaram, Fatima Z. Khan, Catherine A. Cash, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
Understanding Functional and Hemodynamic Outcomes Across Lower Extremity Amputation Levels
Anvitha Madhavaram, Fatima Z. Khan, Catherine A. Cash, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States


Background: Lower extremity amputations (LEAs) profoundly impact mobility, independence, and cardiovascular health, with outcomes varying across different amputation levels. While functional ability post-amputation is influenced by retained biomechanics and joint preservation, hemodynamic changes—such as increased cardiac strain and energy expenditure—affect long-term health outcomes. This study systematically reviews functional and hemodynamic outcomes across LEA levels to guide clinical management and rehabilitation.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and other databases, covering studies from 1970 to 2024. Keywords included “amputation,” “functional outcomes,” “hemodynamic outcomes,” “cardiovascular outcomes,” and “rehabilitation.” Eligible studies reported functional and/or hemodynamic outcomes in various LEA levels, including hemipelvectomy, hip disarticulation, above-knee amputation (AKA), knee disarticulation, below-knee amputation (BKA), Syme’s amputation, midfoot amputations, and toe disarticulations. Data were synthesized to compare energy expenditure, ambulatory potential, cardiovascular risk, and patient-reported outcomes.
Results: Higher-level amputations, such as hemipelvectomy and hip disarticulation, require substantial energy expenditure for ambulation, leading to increased cardiovascular strain and high mortality rates. AKA patients experience greater hemodynamic stress due to the loss of knee joint function, resulting in a 60–100% rise in energy expenditure compared to non-amputees. Knee disarticulations offer biomechanical advantages over AKA, with lower energy demands and improved prosthetic efficiency. BKA, the most common LEA, preserves knee function, reducing energy costs to 10–40% above normal levels, leading to better mobility and higher patient satisfaction. Syme’s, midfoot, and toe amputations have the least impact on hemodynamics and typically allow for near-normal ambulation. However, patients with diabetes or peripheral arterial disease face increased risks of re-amputation and cardiovascular complications.
Conclusion: LEA level significantly influences functional mobility and cardiovascular health. Higher amputations correlate with increased energy expenditure and cardiovascular strain, while lower-level amputations generally yield better functional outcomes. Patient comorbidities, particularly diabetes and vascular disease, further affect morbidity and re-amputation risks. Advancements in prosthetics, targeted muscle reinnervation, and regenerative nerve interfaces hold promise for improving functional recovery. Future research should focus on optimizing rehabilitation strategies, refining prosthetic technology, and mitigating cardiovascular risks to enhance long-term outcomes for LEA patients.

P71.

Understanding Functional and Hemodynamic Outcomes Across Lower Extremity Amputation Levels
Anvitha Madhavaram, Fatima Z. Khan, Catherine A. Cash, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
Understanding Functional and Hemodynamic Outcomes Across Lower Extremity Amputation Levels
Anvitha Madhavaram, Fatima Z. Khan, Catherine A. Cash, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States


Background: Lower extremity amputations (LEAs) profoundly impact mobility, independence, and cardiovascular health, with outcomes varying across different amputation levels. While functional ability post-amputation is influenced by retained biomechanics and joint preservation, hemodynamic changes—such as increased cardiac strain and energy expenditure—affect long-term health outcomes. This study systematically reviews functional and hemodynamic outcomes across LEA levels to guide clinical management and rehabilitation.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and other databases, covering studies from 1970 to 2024. Keywords included “amputation,” “functional outcomes,” “hemodynamic outcomes,” “cardiovascular outcomes,” and “rehabilitation.” Eligible studies reported functional and/or hemodynamic outcomes in various LEA levels, including hemipelvectomy, hip disarticulation, above-knee amputation (AKA), knee disarticulation, below-knee amputation (BKA), Syme’s amputation, midfoot amputations, and toe disarticulations. Data were synthesized to compare energy expenditure, ambulatory potential, cardiovascular risk, and patient-reported outcomes.
Results: Higher-level amputations, such as hemipelvectomy and hip disarticulation, require substantial energy expenditure for ambulation, leading to increased cardiovascular strain and high mortality rates. AKA patients experience greater hemodynamic stress due to the loss of knee joint function, resulting in a 60–100% rise in energy expenditure compared to non-amputees. Knee disarticulations offer biomechanical advantages over AKA, with lower energy demands and improved prosthetic efficiency. BKA, the most common LEA, preserves knee function, reducing energy costs to 10–40% above normal levels, leading to better mobility and higher patient satisfaction. Syme’s, midfoot, and toe amputations have the least impact on hemodynamics and typically allow for near-normal ambulation. However, patients with diabetes or peripheral arterial disease face increased risks of re-amputation and cardiovascular complications.
Conclusion: LEA level significantly influences functional mobility and cardiovascular health. Higher amputations correlate with increased energy expenditure and cardiovascular strain, while lower-level amputations generally yield better functional outcomes. Patient comorbidities, particularly diabetes and vascular disease, further affect morbidity and re-amputation risks. Advancements in prosthetics, targeted muscle reinnervation, and regenerative nerve interfaces hold promise for improving functional recovery. Future research should focus on optimizing rehabilitation strategies, refining prosthetic technology, and mitigating cardiovascular risks to enhance long-term outcomes for LEA patients.

P72.

Space Medicine: Impaired Wound Healing in Microgravity
Sarit Dhar, Dilpreet Kaeley, Fatima Z. Khan, Madhulika Kastury, Catherine A. Cash, Amber Edson, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
Space Medicine: Impaired Wound Healing in Microgravity
Sarit Dhar, Dilpreet Kaeley, Fatima Z. Khan, Madhulika Kastury, Catherine A. Cash, Amber Edson, Richard Simman
University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States


Background: As spaceflight missions increase in duration and complexity, the risk of non-healing wounds rises due to radiation exposure and microgravity, which disrupts cellular function and impairs wound healing. According to NASA’s Integrated Medical Model, burns, abrasions, lacerations, rashes, and infections are among the most likely medical conditions to occur in space. This study aims to (1) explain mechanisms of delayed wound healing in microgravity, (2) discuss countermeasures, and (3) explore skin grafting for treating non-healing wounds in spaceflight.
Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, covering articles from 1999-2023. Search terms included “wound healing,” “microgravity,” and “graft” combined with “spaceflight,” “weightlessness,” “epithelial cells,” “suture,” and “countermeasures.” Peer-reviewed English-language studies and reviews were included, while non-English, non-peer-reviewed, and unrelated articles were excluded. The review also integrated bioengineering and space operations literature to assess potential grafting solutions for spaceflight-related wound healing challenges.
Results: Microgravity disrupts wound healing by impairing cellular processes and inflammatory responses. Hemostasis is affected by reduced GPIb? expression, leading to prolonged bleeding and impaired platelet function. Inflammation is compromised by decreased macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil activity, altering cytokine secretion. The proliferation phase is hindered by endothelial cell dysfunction, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed granulation tissue formation. Fibroblast dysfunction in the remodeling stage leads to chronic wound issues. Potential treatments include platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance fibroblast chemotaxis and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to stimulate tissue regeneration. Skin grafting is a promising approach, but autografts require sterile conditions, and allografts/xenografts face storage limitations. Bioengineered grafts, such as composite grafts, placental membrane grafts, and 3D-printed hydrogels, offer viable alternatives with enhanced stability and long shelf life for space missions.
Conclusion: As NASA’s Artemis missions aim to return humans to the moon, addressing spaceflight wound healing challenges is critical. Microgravity profoundly disrupts wound healing at all stages. PRP and LEDs show potential in mitigating these effects, while bioengineered grafts provide promising long-term solutions. Further research is needed to evaluate graft efficacy in microgravity, including infection rates, exudate management, and vascularization. Developing stable, easily transportable grafts will be essential for astronaut health on long-duration missions and will contribute to advancements in wound care on Earth.

P73.

Psychometric Validation of the Korean Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool
Jung Y. Kim
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Younginsi, Kyeonggido, Korea (the Republic of)
Psychometric Validation of the Korean Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool
Jung Y. Kim
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Younginsi, Kyeonggido, Korea (the Republic of)


Pressure ulcers are a major issue in contemporary healthcare, with prevalence and incidence rates of 12.8 and 5.4% respectively based on the 2008-2018 data from a systematic review in 2020.The implementation of pressure ulcers(PUs) prevention is essential for all patients however only two-thirds of Korean nurses are reported to be performing PU prevention tasks, such as risk assessment. Nurse with greater knowledge of PU prevention would be expected to perform it more often than those with less knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, including content validity, validity of multiple choice items, and the reliability of the Korean version of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (K-PUKAT 2.0), using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT).
Linguistic validation process and factor analysis were conducted among wound care nurses, staff nurses and nursing students. Items were analysed according to the CTT and IRT using a two-parameter logistic model. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine reliability.
A total of 378 wound care nurses, staff nurses and nursing students participated in this study. While most items showed moderate difficulty based on the CTT, difficulty index values based on the IRT were more broadly distributed (low: 5 items; moderate: 9 items; high: 1 item). The intraclass correlation coefficient for K-PUKAT 2.0 was 0.72.
The K-PUKAT 2.0 demonstrated concise and good psychometric properties. Based on the results of this study, repetitive use of K-PUKAT 2.0 will not only help in distinguishing whether an individual has sufficient clinical knowledge, but will also play a key role in supporting learning.

P75.

Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers
Jung Y. Kim
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Younginsi, Kyeonggido, Korea (the Republic of)
Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers
Jung Y. Kim
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Younginsi, Kyeonggido, Korea (the Republic of)


A pressure ulcer, a type of chronic wound, results from prolonged pressure on the skin and underlying tissue, leading to tissue damage. It is most commonly found in patients with limited mobility and certain health conditions. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) promotes wound healing in cases of skin damage, such as burn injuries and chronic wounds, by stimulating tissue regeneration without causing side effects.
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of PDRN on the wound-healing process in pressure ulcers.
In this randomized controlled trial, the effects of PDRN were compared over time between an experimental group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 12). The experimental group received the same dose of PDRN intramuscularly (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg) for 5 days over a period of 2 weeks and perilesionally (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg) twice a week for 4 weeks.
The primary endpoint for efficacy assessment was wound healing in pressure ulcers, measured by wound surface area using VISITRAK Digital (Smith & Nephew, Largo, FL). The secondary endpoint was the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) score, determined using the PUSH Tool 3.0 developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel.
After the 4-week treatment period, PDRN therapy was found to significantly reduce the wound size and PUSH score, without adverse effect during the treatment.
The findings indicate that PDRN can positively modify the wound healing process in pressure ulcers, and its use could improve the clinical outcomes of patients and lower the need for additional therapies or hospital stay.

P76.

Validation of Safety and Efficacy Of The Antimicrobial Hydrogel For Rapid Elimination Of Bacterial Infection In Murine And Porcine Infected Wounds
Anna Antipov1, Tahlia Kennewell1, Adrian Abdo2, Hanif Haidari1, Zlatko Kopecki1
1Wound Infection Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. 2University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Validation of Safety and Efficacy Of The Antimicrobial Hydrogel For Rapid Elimination Of Bacterial Infection In Murine And Porcine Infected Wounds
Anna Antipov1, Tahlia Kennewell1, Adrian Abdo2, Hanif Haidari1, Zlatko Kopecki1
1Wound Infection Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. 2University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia


Our study aimed to develop and validate a targeted antibacterial pH/temperature responsive silver nanoparticle (AgNP) hydrogel allowing triggered release of silver ions in response to changes in wound microenvironment.
Optimization and characterization of the hydrogel delivery system was achieved using cross-linking of N-isopropylacrylamide with acrylic acid and loading with ultrasmall AgNPs. Material characterization, biocompatibility and release studies were undertaken to demonstrate temperature and pH responsive properties and in-vitro efficacy against common wound pathogens. Demonstration of in-vivo antimicrobial safety and efficacy against industry standard of care (silver sulfadiazine) was achieved using a preclinical murine and porcine wound infection models.
We demonstrate that the dual-responsive hydrogel is highly sensitive to a typical pH and temperature changes during infection development, with restricted release of silver ions at acidic pH (<pH 5.5) and significant release in alkaline conditions (>pH 7.4) (>90% release). The pH dependent release and antimicrobial effect resulted in elimination of 95% of pathogens in-vitro at alkaline pH which was confirmed by potent clearing of S. aureus infection and significant improved healing using preclinical models including faster reepithelization and improved early collagen deposition (n=8 / treatment group). Treatment safety were further validated in porcine model of wound infection, with developed hydrogel showing no toxicity and equivalent antimicrobial effects to industry standard of care (n=4 / treatment group).
The developed multifunctional hydrogel presents a promising bacteria responsive delivery platform that serves as an on-demand carrier to not only reduce side effects but also boost the antibacterial efficiency based on physiological needs. It offers great potential to improve the way we manage wound infections, providing a single platform for a long-lasting application in wound management.

P77.

Hyperglycemia-Induced P300/CBP acetyltransferase drives ZEB2-Mediated Proinflammatory Macrophages and Delays Wound Healing
Soumyajit Roy2, Kanhaiya Singh1, Chandan K. Sen1, Durba Pal2
1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
Hyperglycemia-Induced P300/CBP acetyltransferase drives ZEB2-Mediated Proinflammatory Macrophages and Delays Wound Healing
Soumyajit Roy2, Kanhaiya Singh1, Chandan K. Sen1, Durba Pal2
1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India


Chronic hyperglycemia alters the expression of transcription factors and mRNA transcripts, impairing cellular functionality and delaying wound healing. ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2) is a key transcription factor essential for maintaining tissue-specific macrophage identities. However, how Zeb2 alters wound macrophage polarity in hyperglycemic conditions has not been elucidated.
A total of 17 diabetic and 5 non-diabetic patients have participated in this study. Surgical wound debridement tissue samples were collected from the patients, and CD68+ wound macrophages were isolated. The splinted excisional wound was made in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic C57BL6 mice and compared with standard diet-fed lean mice (n=3). One group of diabetic mice received intradermal delivery of Con ASO, and another group received Zeb2 ASO at 250 mM (n=4). Another group of diabetic mice (n=4) received intradermal delivery of acetylation inhibitor, C646, at the wound edge. The wound was observed at days 3, 7 &10 post-surgery and used for IHC, qPCR, and Western blot analyses.
Persistent hyperglycemia augments ZEB2 expression in wound macrophages via histone acetylation, contributing to chronic inflammation as measured by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers, CD80 and CD68, and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory marker, CD206. A significant 10-fold upregulation of the P300 expression in the wound macrophages of DFU patients and diabetic mice. Exposure to high glucose levels activates P300/CBP, a transcriptional coactivator involved in histone acetylation, and enhances ZEB2 expression in macrophages. The forced expression of ZEB2 shifts macrophage polarity toward a pro-inflammatory state by upregulating myeloid-lineage-directed transcription factors (MLDTFs). Conversely, silencing ZEB2 at the wound site mitigated hyperglycemia-induced macrophage inflammation. The topical application of C646, an inhibitor of P300, at the wound edges in high-fat diet-fed STZ-induced diabetic mice significantly decreased ZEB2 expression, leading to reduced inflammation and accelerated wound healing.
The present study highlights a novel role of ZEB2 in sustaining the prolonged pro-inflammatory state of macrophages in diabetic wounds by increasing histone acetylation. Pharmacological inhibition of P300-mediated acetylation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving diabetic wound healing by modulating ZEB2-driven inflammation in wound macrophages.

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